不同种源大红袍花椒种实特性及主要化学成分的地理变化

发布时间：2018-08-29 17:16

【摘要】：【目的】分析我国不同种源大红袍花椒的种实特性及主要化学成分的变异规律,为花椒优良种质资源的选取和合理利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过野外实际调查和测定,对我国青海循化、甘肃秦安、山西平顺、陕西韩城、山东泰安、河南淅川、陕西凤县、河北涉县等8个不同种源大红袍花椒的种实特征和主要化学成分进行分析。【结果】8个不同种源大红袍花椒种子的横径为3.54~4.35mm,纵径为2.96~3.35mm,种形指数为1.24~1.31。陕西韩城和甘肃秦安花椒具有较高的出皮率,分别为52.3%和50.3%;8个种源花椒种子的含油率均在23%以上,且各种源间差异较大;大红袍花椒种子含有6种脂肪酸,其中含量最高的是油酸(25.92%~45.95%),其次是亚油酸(13.96%~31.32%)。果皮中含有17种氨基酸(4.77%~6.64%),包括7种必需氨基酸,其占氨基酸总量的26.33%;果皮中铁元素的含量最高,为96.34~126.38mg/kg。从各种源的分布区域来看,花椒种子千粒质量与地理经度呈正相关,即东部的种子千粒质量较大,而西部的较小;西部地区的大红袍花椒出皮率高于东部地区;种子含油率与海拔、4-6月降水量呈显著正相关,但与6-8月降水量呈负相关。【结论】陕西韩城大红袍花椒产量高,种子含油率高,果皮富含氨基酸及微量元素,表现出优良的表型性状及较高的经济性状,可以作为优良花椒种源进行培育。
[Abstract]:[objective] to provide theoretical basis for the selection and rational utilization of fine germplasm resources of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum L. by analyzing the characteristics of seed and the variation of main chemical components in different provenances of China. [methods] through field investigation and determination, To Qinghai Xunhua, Gansu Qinan, Shanxi Pingshun, Shaanxi Hancheng, Shandong Taian, Henan Xichuan, Shaanxi Fengxian, [results] the seed diameter, longitudinal diameter and seed shape index of eight different provenances of red pepper were 3.54 ~ 4.35 mm, 2.96 ~ 3.35 mm and 1.24 ~ 1.31 mm, respectively. Xanthoxylum bungeanum L. in Hancheng, Shaanxi, and Qinan, Gansu Province, had a higher exfoliation rate of 52.3% and 50.3%, respectively, and the oil content of eight provenances were all above 23%, and there were great differences among different sources, and the seeds of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum contained 6 kinds of fatty acids. The highest content was oleic acid (25.92%), followed by linoleic acid (13.96%). The peel contains 17 kinds of amino acids (4.77 ~ 6.64%), including 7 kinds of essential amino acids, which account for 26.33% of the total amino acids, and the content of iron in the pericarp is the highest (96.34 ~ 126.38 mg / kg). According to the distribution region of various sources, there was a positive correlation between the weight of 1000 seeds and the geographic longitude of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, that is, the seed weight in the east was larger than that in the west, and the peeling rate of red pepper in the western region was higher than that in the eastern region. The oil content of seeds was positively correlated with the precipitation from April to June at sea level, but negatively correlated with the precipitation in June-August. [conclusion] the yield of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum is high, the oil content of seeds is high, and the pericarp is rich in amino acids and trace elements. It showed excellent phenotypic characters and high economic characters, and could be used as an excellent provenance of Chinese prickly ash.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学林学院;西北农林科技大学理学院;
【基金】：杨凌示范区科技计划项目(2015NY-29) 林业科学技术推广项目([2017]18)
【分类号】：R573.9

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