小麦营养和健康品质研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-01 11:16

本文关键词：小麦营养和健康品质研究进展　出处：《中国农业科学》2016年22期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作物营养和健康品质改良正在成为世界主要作物的重要研究方向和育种目标。文中围绕铁和锌、抗性淀粉和阿拉伯木聚糖、酚酸和植物固醇,从微量营养元素、功能性膳食纤维、膳食纤维、植物生物活性物质4个方面对小麦籽粒的营养品质研究进行评述,兼顾面筋过敏和赤霉菌毒素对人体健康的影响,概括与育种工作密切相关的分析测定方法、种质资源筛选、基因定位与育种研究进展。提出国内营养和健康品质研究的重点领域,建议加强四方面的工作,(1)优先进行与人体健康密切相关的铁、锌及其生物有效性影响因子植酸含量和植酸酶活性等微量营养元素、阿拉伯木聚糖和抗性淀粉等膳食纤维、酚酸和植物固醇等植物生物活性物质含量的分析,开展大规模营养元素普查工作,筛选营养价值高的育种亲本和材料;(2)加强抗赤霉病相关研究,并将其结果尽快用于育种;(3)通过关联和连锁分析开展基因定位和克隆,发掘基因功能标记或紧密连锁的分子标记,通过与常规育种紧密结合,推动生物技术育种实用化,加快品种选育进程,提高品质育种效率;(4)通过加强国际合作与国内协作,建立小麦品质研究协作网,推广普及现有实用技术并研究新型营养品质快速检测技术。
[Abstract]:Crop nutrition and health quality improvement is becoming an important research direction of the main crops in the world and the breeding target. Around the iron and zinc in Arabia, resistant starch and xylan, phenolic acids and sterols from trace elements, functional dietary fiber, dietary fiber, 4 aspects of plant bioactive substances on nutritional quality of wheat the grains are reviewed, both effects of gluten allergy and Gibberella toxin on human health, the determination method of analysis is closely related to the generalization and breeding, germplasm screening, gene mapping and breeding research progress. Key areas put national nutrition and health quality research, proposed to strengthen the four aspects of the work, (1) preferred close related to the human health effects of iron, zinc and bioavailability of phytic acid content factor and phytase activity of micronutrients, Arabia xylan and resistant starch diet Dietary fiber, analysis of phenolic acids and phytosterols and other plant bioactive substances content, nutrient elements to carry out large-scale census work, and screening of parental breeding materials with high nutritional value; (2) strengthen research related to scab resistance, and the results as soon as possible for breeding; (3) through the association and linkage analysis of gene localization cloning and gene discovery, functional markers or molecular markers closely linked, through the close combination of conventional breeding and biotechnology breeding, promote the commercialization, quicken the process of breeding, improve the quality of the breeding efficiency; (4) through strengthening cooperation with domestic and international cooperation, the establishment of wheat quality research collaboration, popularizing the rapid detection technology of existing utility study on new technology and nutritional quality.

【作者单位】：中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心;CIMMYT Apdo.Postal
【基金】：农业部中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(1610092016213) 中国农业科学院协同创新项目(CAAS-XTCX2016009) Harvest-Plus挑战计划(2014H8324.CAA) 中国农业科学院创新工程
【分类号】：S512.1;R151
【正文快照】： 小麦品质包括加工、营养和健康3个方面。20世纪国际上主要进行磨粉和食品加工品质改良,提高蛋白质和赖氨酸含量曾是营养品质的研究重点,但后者并未取得实质性进展。中国的小麦品质研究始于20世纪80年代,主要目标是改进面筋质量和食品色泽,大致可分为2个阶段。1981—1995年为起

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