云南某贫困地区留守儿童意外伤害现况及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 02:12

本文关键词：云南某贫困地区留守儿童意外伤害现况及影响因素研究　出处：《昆明医科大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的本研究探讨留守儿童意外伤害的流行病学特征,分析留守儿.童意外伤害的主要类型和影响因素,为留守儿童意外伤害的预防提供科学依据。方法本研究综合使用流行病学调查、半结构式访谈和观察法相结合的方式。①采用立意抽样与分层整群随机抽样相结合的方法,抽取云南省留守儿童众多的某贫困县3所中学和2所小学,对其3-9年级共2924名在校学生采用自编意外伤害相关问卷进行调查,了解留守儿童意外伤害的流行现状；②根据制定好的访谈提纲,对项目地区相关部门人员、留守/非留守儿童及其家长进行访谈,了解当地留守儿童意外伤害有关政策和实施情况以及工作计划等；③对项目地区学校、学校周边环境、社会文化等进行观察。结果1留守情况：本次对云南省某贫困县5所学校的调查,共获取有效问卷2909份,留守儿童共1630人,占调查总人数的56%。其中留守男生为785人(48.2%),留守女生为845人(51.8%),留守男女性别比为：0.93：1。8-10组有38人(2.3%),10-14岁组有451人(27.7%),14-18岁组有1141人(70%)。县城有261人(16%),乡镇有1369人(84%)。2意外伤害发生情况：本次调查2909名儿童,发生意外伤害的学生共909人,占调查学生总数的31.2%。其中男生意外伤害发生人数为468人(51.5%),女生意外伤害发生人数为441人(48.5%)。留守儿童意外伤害发生人数有555人(61.1%),非留守儿童有354人(38.9%)。总的伤害发生率为31.2%,男生伤害发生率(33.1%)高于女生伤害发生率(29.5%),男女生伤害发生率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.278,P=0.039)。留守儿童伤害发生率(34%)高于非留守儿童(27.7%),其中留守男童的发生率最高,达到36.1%,留守女童为32.2%。留守与非留守儿童伤害发生率差异具有显著性意义(χ2=13.541,P=0.000)。乡镇儿童意外伤害发生率为34.7%,高于县城儿童意外伤害发生率(18.1%),乡镇和县城儿童意外伤害发生率差异具有显著意义(χ2=61.515,P=0.000)。其中,乡镇留守儿童意外伤害发生率最高为36%,其次是乡镇非留守儿童(32.8%)。3留守儿童与非留守儿童在不同性别、年级、是否独生等人口学特征,不同监护人类型、文化程度情况、职业,父母不同外出打工类型、外出时间长短情况意外伤害发生分布情况存在差异。4伤害特征：留守与非留守儿童的前五位伤害类型依次为跌落伤、烧烫伤、锐器伤、咬伤、碰撞伤。究其跌落伤的原因主要是碰撞摔倒、上下楼梯、爬山爬树,发生地点以家中、家附近、学校以及街道居多。而烧烫伤的原因主要是做家务和玩火,家中是烧烫伤发生的最主要场所。留守儿童意外伤害发生的时间分布上,发生在父母外出务工后的比例最高为52.5%,其次是父母外出务工前,占33.3%,其他的占14.2%。伤害发生部位主要是下肢,其次是手指。伤害发生由自己致伤的比例最高。伤害程度以轻中度居多,受伤后到医疗单位和家人或朋友处理的最多,大多数学生伤后恢复较好,有部分学生表现为疼痛,仅少数学生有残疾和活动受限。5伤害发生的影响因素：多因素分析结果显示,儿童意外伤害的影响因素主要有地区、年级、年龄、周围是否有人打架、是否在马路上骑车带人或逆行、是否留守等。地区是儿童意外伤害发生的重要影响因素,乡镇儿童意外伤害的发生风险明显高于县城儿童；年级越低,发生意外伤害的风险越大；相较于年龄小的儿童,年龄更大的儿童发生意外伤害的可能性更小；周围经常有人打架、经常在马路上骑车带人或逆行会增加意外伤害发生的风险,与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童更易发生意外伤害。留守与非留守儿童有4项共性的影响因素。而母亲外出打工、父母均外出打工、周围经常有人打架、周围偶尔有人打架、学校开展户外活动、经常上网、父母把刀放在你拿得到的地方7个因素是留守儿童独有的影响因素。提示,与非留守儿童比较,留守儿童面临更多的伤害风险,留守儿童比非留守儿童更易受到来自父母外出打工情况、周围社会风气、以及学校家庭等安全隐患的影响。结论留守儿童意外伤害发生率相对较高,且留守儿童意外伤害分布存在差异,跌落和烧烫伤是主要伤害类型。留守儿童意外伤害的发生是各种因素综合作用的结果。家庭、学校以及家庭和学校周边存在的诸多安全隐患,留守儿童的伤害认知程度、伤害相关危险行为等个体因素,家庭情况,父母是否外出打工,家长或监护人对留守儿童的监护状况等都有可能影响留守儿童意外伤害的发生。应针对留守儿童年龄、性别、危险行为等个体因素,伤害类型、时间、空间的分布,环境安全隐患等采取综合性干预措施。政府和社会应加大对留守儿童的支持力度,学校应加快管理机制的健全和完善,家长或监护人应重视孩子的安全问题,尽可能消除家中安全隐患,提高孩子伤害防范意识,构建起学校、社会和家庭为一体的管理体系,使留守儿童生长在充满爱心的社会中。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children left behind in this study, analysis of children left behind. The main factors influence children's type and the accident, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of unintentional injuries among children left behind. This study used comprehensive epidemiological method combining semi-structured interviews and observation methods. Using purposive sampling method and the combination of stratified random sampling, extraction of Yunnan left behind many of the 3 children in a poor county middle schools and 2 primary school, on a total of 2924 grade 3-9 students with the self injury related questionnaire, the epidemic situation of left-behind children accident understanding; according to the interview outline of project in the relevant departments, left behind / non left-behind children and their parents were interviewed to understand the local left-behind children accident related policies and implementation of the work plan The project area; school, school environment, social culture and so on were observed. Results: 1 left behind the survey on a poor county in Yunnan province in 5 schools, a total of 2909 copies of valid questionnaires left-behind children, a total of 1630 people, accounting for the investigation of the total number of 56%. which was 785 (48.2% boys left behind), left behind girls for 845 people (51.8%), left behind sex ratio: 0.93:1.8-10 group of 38 people (2.3%), 10-14 group of 451 people (27.7%), 14-18 group of 1141 people (70%). The county has 261 people (16%), township 1369 people (84%).2 accident occurrence: the survey of 2909 children, the accident occurred a total of 909 students, accounting for the total number of students surveyed the 31.2%. male accident number is 468 people (51.5%), female accident number is 441 people (48.5%). Left-behind children accidents number 555 people (61.1%). Non left-behind children 354 (38. 9%). The total injury incidence rate was 31.2%, the incidence rate of boys is higher than girls (33.1%) injury incidence rate (29.5%), the incidence rate of injury had a statistically significant difference between male and female students (2=4.278, P=0.039). Left-behind children injury incidence rate (34%) was higher than that of non left-behind children (27.7%), which left the boy's place the highest rate reached 36.1%, 32.2%. left behind girls left behind and non left-behind children injury incidence rate difference was significant (2=13.541, P=0.000). The child injury incidence rate was 34.7%, higher than the county child injury incidence rate (18.1%), a significant difference was occurred in the town and county of child injury (x2 2=61.515, P=0.000). Among them, the highest incidence of unintentional injuries among children left behind for 36%, followed by non rural left-behind children (32.8%).3 left-behind children and non left behind children in different gender, grade, whether the one-child and other demographic characteristics, not With the guardian type, educational level, occupation, parents of migrant workers of different types, the length of time the situation out accident distribution difference of.4 damage features: left behind and non left behind the top five types of injuries were fall injured children, burns, injuries, bites, collision injury. The reason of fall injury the collision is mainly fall, up and down the stairs, climbing trees, near the place in the home, family, and school streets mostly. And burn is mainly doing housework and playing with fire, home is the main field of burn injury. The left behind children accident occurred in the time distribution, the parents go out workers after the highest proportion of 52.5%, followed by the parents of migrant workers, accounting for 33.3%, other parts of the damage is mainly accounted for 14.2%. of lower extremity, followed by finger injuries from his injury. The highest percentage of damage process. In mild to moderate majority, after the injury to the medical treatment units and most family members or friends, most of the students better recovery after injury, some students had pain, only a few students have the influence factors of disability and activity limitation.5 injury: multiple factor analysis showed that the influencing factors of children injury are the main area. Grade, age, around whether there was a fight, whether on the road carrying person or retrograde, whether left behind. Area is an important factor affecting the occurrence of child injury, the risk of accidental injury of children of the township is obviously higher than that of the county children; the lower grade, the greater the risk of accidents; compared to the younger age the children are less likely to older children accidents; around people often fight, often ride on the road with the risk of accidental injury or retrograde increases occur, Compared with non left-behind children, left-behind children are more prone to accidental injury. The effect factors of left behind and non left-behind children. There are 4 common and mother were the parents of migrant workers, migrant workers, the surrounding people often fight around occasional fights, the school to carry out outdoor activities, often on the net, put a knife to your parents get a place left behind 7 factors are factors that influence children's unique. That compared with the non left behind children, left-behind children face the risk of more harm, left-behind children than non left-behind children are more susceptible to parents from migrant workers, around the social atmosphere, and the influence of school and family and other security risks. The relatively high rate of conclusion left-behind children accidental injury, and left behind children accident distribution differences, fall and burn is the main type of injury. The occurrence of accidental injury of children left behind is the various factors of the result. Family, school and family there are many security risks and schools around the left-behind children injury awareness, individual factors, injury related risk behaviors such as family, parents are migrant workers, parents or guardians of left-behind children guardianship status are likely to affect the occurrence of accidental injury of children left behind. For left-behind children age. Gender, individual factors, risk behavior and damage types, time, space distribution, environmental security risks and other intervention measures. The government and society should increase the left-behind children support, improve and perfect the management mechanism should speed up the school, parents or guardians should pay attention to children's safety, as far as possible to eliminate safety hazards home, improve child injury prevention awareness, build a school, family and society as a whole management system, make the left-behind children grow in a caring society .

【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R179

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