电焊工的工作生命质量及其影响因素
发布时间：2018-01-14 12:24
本文关键词：电焊工的工作生命质量及其影响因素 出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文 论文类型：学位论文
更多相关文章： 电焊工 工作生命质量 影响因素 SF-36量表
【摘要】：[研究背景] 随着社会经济的高速发展,电焊作业作为制造、加工必不可缺的一个金属加工工艺,主要涉及石油化工、电力、航空航天、海洋工程、核动力工程、微电子技术、桥梁、船舶以及各类金属结构等,几乎遍及到各个工业领域。同时,电焊工的数量也在急剧上升。没有现代焊接技术的发展,就不会有现代工业和科学技术的今天,焊接技术的发展水平是衡量一个国家科学技术先进程度的重要标志之一。 以上海市宝山区为例,作为上海市的工业大区之一,宝山区内制造业企业众多,集装箱制造业3家、钢结构制造业20家,全区焊工从业者大约2000人左右。 然而再好的技术也存在弊端,由于受高温及焊条药皮成分的影响,电焊作业时往往会产生众多职业病危害因素,例如电焊烟尘、重金属烟尘、有毒气体、电焊弧光、噪声等,会对工人产生不利影响,甚至导致职业病的发生。 自1999年至2009年,宝山区电焊工尘肺发病人数达41例,仅次于矽肺(47例)的发病人数。这些电焊工大部分属于外来务工人员,迫于生活压力,承受着较强的劳动强度,而且在作业时工人往往暴露于电焊烟尘、有害气体、电焊弧光、噪声、重金属等职业病危害因素中,如果防护不当,可能引起电焊工尘肺、职业中毒、电光性眼炎、听力损伤等职业病,而且不良的职业环境还会影响人的心理,进而降低生命质量和工作效率。职业危害事关劳动者身体健康和生命安全,事关经济发展和社会稳定的大局。电焊工人群的健康状况和生命质量应该得到社会关注。 健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)是国际上最为常用的生命质量标准化测量工具之一,包括躯体功能、躯体角色、机体疼痛、总的健康状况、活力、社会功能、情绪角色和心理卫生8个领域。刘朝杰等研究表明,SF-36在中国人群中的信度和效度是可以接受的,作为一种普适性生命质量评价工具,在医药卫生领域有着广泛的应用前景,可以用于比较不同人群的健康状态,评价各种干预措施的产出,也可以用于评价健康危险因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。目前该量表已经在多地区、多种人群得到应用。但在粉尘职业危害领域主要见于对煤矿工人和尘肺病人生命质量的评估,在对电焊工人群中的运用尚未见报道。 本次研究应用SF-36量表对电焊工人的工作生命质量(以下简称生命质量)进行调查,以了解电焊工人的生命质量状况及影响因素,为保障电焊工人身心健康,提高生命质量提供科学依据。 [目的] 通过本项目研究,了解电焊工人群体的生命质量状况,发现影响电焊工人群生命质量的主要因素,为保障电焊工人群身心健康,提高生命质量提供科学依据。 [方法] 在上海市宝山区2个集装箱制造公司、3家钢结构制造公司随机抽取300名焊工(男性,非尘肺病患者)作为焊工组；在该区其他几家工厂企业中随机抽取300名非从事电焊岗位的男性生产工人作为对照组。 调查人员发放SF-36健康状况调查问卷,并进行现场指导,被调查者自行完成填写,完成后调查员当场检查,及时修改完善,避免漏项,确认资料合格。 应用相关分析以及多元协方差分析等,来推断宝山区电焊工生命质量及其影响因素。 [结果] 1.一般情况 电焊工组总计301人,年龄为32.90±8.54岁；对照组总计305人,年龄为34.27±10.03岁,电焊工组与对照组在年龄上无统计学差异(P0.05)。电焊工组的BMI指数为22.5±2.9,对照组的BMI指数为22.9±2.8,两组无差异(P0.05)。电焊组在体重上较对照组偏轻,电焊工组体重为65.2±9.1公斤,对照组体重为67.5±9.8公斤(P0.01)；在文化程度上,电焊工组初中学历较对照组多,高中及以上学历前者较少,电焊工组初中学历有214人(71.1%),高中及以上的有72人(23.9%),对照组中初中的有120人(39.3%),高中及以上的有179人(58.7%)(P0.01)；在月收入上,电焊工组较对照组高(P0.01)；在子女数量上,电焊工组较多(P0.01)；在体育锻炼上,电焊工组参与锻炼的情况较差,从不进行体育锻炼者有143人(47.5%),每周1-2次者有134人(44.5%),每周3次及以上者有24人(8.0%),同比对照组从不体育锻炼情况者有102人(33.4%),每周1-2次者有170人(55.7%),每周3次及以上者有33人(10.8%)(P0.01)；在有无呼吸道症状上,电焊工组明显发生频率更高,偶有咳嗽症状者有138人(45.8%),经常有咳嗽症状者有21人(4.0%),同比对照组偶有咳嗽症状者有116人(38.0%),经常有咳嗽症状者有9人(3.0%)(P0.01)；在有无头晕症状上及有无腰背痛症状上,同样电焊工组发生率较对照组来得更高(P0.01)。 在年龄、BMI指数、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、最近10年内家庭是否发生重大事件、有无头痛、有无失眠、有无颈部不适上,两组差异不具统计学意义。 2.生命质量维度得分比较 电焊工组在所有维度的得分均较对照组偏低,在生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、精神健康6个维度得分较低具有统计学意义(总体健康维度P0.05,其余5各维度P0.01)。生理功能、情感职能维度,两组工人得分差异不具统计学意义。 3.简单相关分析 电焊工的年龄与其生理职能**、躯体疼痛*、生理功能维度得分呈负相关**；户籍与生理职能**、躯体疼痛**、生理功能**维度得分呈负相关；文化程度与躯体疼痛**、生理功能*维度得分呈负相关；月收入与生理职能**、躯体疼痛*、总体健康**、活力*、社会功能*、情感职能**、精神健康**维度得分呈负相关；婚姻状况与生理职能**、躯体疼痛*、生理功能**维度得分呈负相关；子女数量与生理职能**、社会功能**维度得分呈负相关；吸烟与精神健康*维度得分呈负相关；饮酒与所有维度得分影响均无显著性；10年内有无重大事件对生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康维度影响无显著性,其余维度得分均有显著影响；体育锻炼除对总体健康、社会功能维度得分无影响,对其余维度得分外影响均有显著性；睡眠时间、咳嗽、头痛、头晕、失眠、颈部不适、腰背痛对所有维度影响均有统计显著性。(*P0.05,**P0.01) 4.单因素方差分析 电焊工中,手工电弧焊、气保焊、氩弧焊、其他焊作业工人生命质量各维度得分无显著性差异；工作场所安装局部吸风除尘装置的电焊工生理功能**、躯体疼痛*、活力**、精神健康**维度评分比未安装局部吸风除尘装置的电焊工高,显示局部吸风除尘装置的设置对于促进生理健康以及心理健康的积极意义；佩戴防尘口罩的电焊工较未佩戴者生理功能*得分更高；经常参加体育锻炼的电焊工活力*得分更高；睡眠充分的电焊工生理功能*、躯体疼痛*、活力**、社会功能**、精神健康**得分更高。(*P0.05,**P0.01) 5.多元协方差分析 电焊工中,文化程度对情感职能*影响具有显著性,初中文化的得分大于高中及以上,其中小学生命质量得分最低；月收入对社会功能*和生理职能**两个维度影响具有显著性,月收入越高,生理职能得分越低,3000-4000元者社会功能得分最低；工龄越高,生理功能**、生理职能*、总体健康*、情感职能*维度得分越低；最近10年内家庭没有重大事件者生理职能**、躯体疼痛**、情感职能*维度得分较高；有呼吸道症状者,生理机能*、生理职能**、躯体疼痛*、社会功能*、情感职能**维度得分较低。(*P0.05,**P0.01) [结论] 1.电焊工人较对照组工人生命质量水平低,主要体现在生理机能、生理职能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、精神健康6个维度得分上。手工电弧焊、气保焊、氩弧焊、其他焊四个不同电焊工种生命质量得分差异不具统计学意义。 2.工作场所安装有局部吸风除尘装置的电焊工在生理功能、躯体疼痛、活力、精神健康4个维度得分比未安装局部吸风除尘装置的电焊工更高,在电焊作业场所设置吸风除尘装置十分的必要,且值得推广。电焊作业时佩戴防尘口罩的电焊工在生理功能维度得分更高,提示有必要对工人开展个人防护知识的相关培训,并加强对工人佩戴相关防护用品的监督管理。 3.月收入越高的电焊工生命质量得分越低,这可能与收入越高,劳动付出越多有关。电焊工人工龄越大,生理职能、生理功能、总体健康、情感职能4个维度得分越低,人的生命质量水平越低下。最近10年发生重大生活事件者生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能维度得分较低,生命质量水平较低。有呼吸道症状者生理职能、生理功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能维度得分较低。有呼吸道症状者不宜从事电焊行业。充足的睡眠有助于提高生命质量水平。
[Abstract]:[research background]
With the rapid development of social economy, the welding work as an indispensable processing manufacturing, metal processing technology, mainly involving petrochemical, electric power, aerospace, marine engineering, nuclear power engineering, microelectronics, bridge, ship and all kinds of metal structure, almost throughout the various industrial fields. At the same time, the number of welders in the sharp rise. Without the development of modern welding technology, there would be no modern industry and science and technology today, the level of development of welding technology is one of the important mark to measure a national science and technology advanced degrees.
Take Baoshan District of Shanghai as an example, as one of the industrial zones in Shanghai, there are many manufacturing enterprises in Baoshan District, including 3 container manufacturing enterprises, 20 steel structure manufacturing enterprises, and 2000 welders in the region.
However, again good technology also has drawbacks, due to high temperature and coating composition, welding operations tend to produce many occupation hazards such as heavy metals, welding fumes, smoke, toxic gases, welding arc, noise and so on, will have an adverse impact on workers, and even lead to the occurrence of occupation disease.
From 1999 to 2009, Baoshan District issued the number of patients of welder pneumoconiosis in 41 cases after silicosis (47 cases). The incidence of these welders mostly migrant workers, forced by the pressure of life, under a strong labor intensity, and workers in the operation are exposed to welding fumes, harmful gas, welding arc, noise, occupation hazards such as heavy metals, if inappropriate protection may cause welders' pneumoconiosis, occupation poisoning, ophthalmia, hearing injury and occupation disease, bad environment occupation also affect people's psychology, thus reducing the quality of life and work efficiency. Occupation hazards related to worker health and safety, is related to economic development and social stability. Welders of the health conditions and quality of life should be a social concern.
Health status questionnaire (SF-36) is one of the most commonly used standard measurement tools for quality of life, including physical function, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, 8 areas of role emotional and mental health. The research shows that Liu Zhaojie, the reliability and validity of SF-36 in Chinese population in is acceptable, as a universal tool for the evaluation of quality of life, has a broad application prospect in the field of medicine, can be used to compare different groups of health status, evaluation of the various interventions output, can also be used to assess the health risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence for the intervention measures the amount. The table has been in many areas, many people applied. But in the dust hazard mainly in the field of occupation evaluation on quality of life of coal miners and pneumoconiosis patients, in use for electric welding workers in the group is No report has been reported.
In this study, SF-36 scale was applied to investigate the work life quality of welding workers (hereinafter referred to as life quality), so as to understand the quality of life and influencing factors of welding workers, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring the physical and mental health of welding workers and improving their quality of life.
[Objective]
Through this project, to understand the quality of life of welding worker groups, found the main factors influencing the quality of life of welders crowd, to protect the health of welders, to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life.
[method]
In the city of Shanghai Baoshan District 2 container manufacturing company, 3 steel structure manufacturing companies were randomly selected 300 welders (male, non pneumoconiosis) as a welder group; in the area of several other factories and enterprises in a random sample of 300 non production workers engaged in the welding position of men as control group.
The investigators issued the SF-36 health status questionnaire and conducted on-site guidance. The respondents completed their own filling. After completion, the investigators checked on the spot, and promptly revised and perfected, avoiding missing items, confirming that the data were qualified.
Application of correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance, to infer the quality of life and influencing factors of Baoshan District welders.
[results]
1. general situation
鐢电剨宸ョ粍鎬昏301浜，
本文编号：1423578
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