传感技术在食品安全和环境监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 02:00

本文关键词：传感技术在食品安全和环境监测中的应用研究　出处：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：莱克多巴胺属β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂，它能够促进动物生长，减少动物体脂肪沉积，，提高蛋白质含量，增加瘦肉率，属于广义的“瘦肉精”。化学需氧量是间接反映水质有机污染程度的综合指标，是水质常规监测的项目之一。及时了解和掌控化学需氧量，对环境水质的评价和废水的治理具有非常重要的意义。本论文利用电化学传感器和酶热生物传感器，致力于盐酸莱克多巴胺和化学需氧量的传感器检测新方法研究。本研究主要由以下两部分组成第一部分多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定盐酸莱克多巴胺的研究目的：建立一种高灵敏度、快捷简便的测定盐酸莱克多巴胺的分析方法。方法：以盐酸莱克多巴胺为研究对象，利用多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）的优异性能，以双十六烷基磷酸酯（DHP）为分散剂，制备出化学修饰电极，系统地研究了盐酸莱克多巴胺在玻碳电极和MWNT/DHP复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为。考察了支持电解质pH值、MWNT修饰量、富集时间及富集电位对氧化信号的影响，得到了最优实验条件。结果：该方法线性范围为50μg/L~2mg/L，检出限为20μg/L，平行10次的RSD为5.5%。最终将此方法用在猪肝和猪肉样品中对盐酸莱克多巴胺的实际检测，回收率为93.1~107.2%，结果令人满意。结论：MWNT修饰电极能显著提高盐酸莱克多巴胺的电化学响应信号，该方法有较高的准确性。第二部分酶热生物分析仪测定水体化学需氧量目的：利用酶热生物分析仪结合流动注射分析技术建立测定地表水化学需氧量（COD）的新方法。方法：通过热传导器检测来自次氯酸钠与水体中有机污染物反应产生的热量来间接测定COD。以甘氨酸作为测定标准物，次氯酸钠为氧化剂，探究了酶热生物分析仪测定COD的机理并研究了最佳反应条件。结果：借助酶热生物分析仪实现了对化学需氧量的快速测定，分析时间仅需5~7min（标准方法需2h），线性范围为5~1000mg/L，检出限为0.74mg/L。另外，该方法对氯离子有较高耐受性，对于10mg/L COD标准溶液，0.015M的氯离子对COD测定没有干扰。在进行实际水的检测时，得到的结果与COD标准测定方法的相关性较好。结论：用酶热生物分析仪测定化学需氧量具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Ractopamine is a 尾 2-adrenergic agonist that promotes animal growth, reduces fat deposition in animals, increases protein content, and increases lean meat rates. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a comprehensive index that indirectly reflects the degree of organic pollution of water quality and is one of the items of routine monitoring of water quality. The evaluation of environmental water quality and the treatment of wastewater are of great significance. In this paper, electrochemical sensors and enzyme thermal biosensors are used. A new method of sensor detection for ractopamine hydrochloride and chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been developed. This study is mainly composed of the following two parts Part I study on determination of ractopamine hydrochloride with multi-walled carbon nanotube modified electrode objective: to establish a new method for the determination of ractopamine hydrochloride with high sensitivity. Methods: taking ractopamine hydrochloride as the object of study, the excellent performance of MWNTs was obtained by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The chemically modified electrode was prepared by using DHPas as dispersant. The electrochemical behavior of ractopamine hydrochloride on glassy carbon electrode and MWNT/DHP composite membrane modified electrode was studied systematically. The effects of enrichment time and potential on the oxidation signal were investigated and the optimal experimental conditions were obtained. Results: the linear range of the method was 50 渭 g / L and the detection limit was 20 渭 g / L. The RSD of parallel 10 times was 5.5. Finally, the method was applied to the determination of ractopamine hydrochloride in pig liver and pork samples. The recovery of ractopamine hydrochloride was 93.1% 107.2, and the results were satisfactory. Conclusion the electrochemical response of ractopamine hydrochloride can be significantly improved by the modified electrode, and the method has high accuracy. Part II determination of Chemical oxygen demand in Water by enzyme Thermobiological Analyzer Objective: to establish a new method for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in surface water by enzyme thermobiological analyzer and flow injection analysis. Methods: the heat produced from the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with organic pollutants in water was detected indirectly by means of heat transducers. Glycine was used as standard material and sodium hypochlorite as oxidant. The mechanism of COD determination by enzyme thermobiological analyzer was investigated and the optimum reaction conditions were studied. Results: the rapid determination of chemical oxygen demand was realized by enzyme thermobiological analyzer. The analytical time was only 5 ~ 7 min (the standard method needed 2 h), and the linear range was 5 ~ 1 000 mg / L. The detection limit is 0.74 mg / L. In addition, the method has high tolerance to chloride ions, and is suitable for 10 mg / L COD standard solution. The chlorine ion of 0.015m has no interference with the determination of COD, and the results obtained in the detection of real water have a good correlation with the standard method of COD determination. Conclusion: it is feasible to determine COD by enzyme thermobiological analyzer.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R155.5

【参考文献】