木质家具制造业甲醛危害现状调查及防护对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 11:13

本文关键词：木质家具制造业甲醛危害现状调查及防护对策研究　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展，，木质家具制造行业的发展也很迅速。但我国当前的木质家具制造企业大多数为中小企业，规模偏小，生产工艺水平较低，职业卫生管理薄弱，职业病防护设施不完善，作业场所存在木粉尘、甲醛、苯、振动、噪声等多种职业病危害因素，职工健康状况令人担忧。本课题研究的目的是了解木质家具制造行业职业病危害防治现状，研究家具制造过程中广泛存在的甲醛对作业工人健康的影响，初步形成甲醛危害的防护对策。为此选取了山东省的20家木质家具制造企业，采用问卷调查、查阅资料、座谈询问、现场检测相结合的方法，了解企业职业病危害现状、职业卫生管理和职工健康监护情况。对甲醛危害的研究采用职业卫生检测技术，获取不同暴露工人甲醛接触水平，并通过甲醛作业工人职业卫生学调查及相应的职业健康体检，获取工人健康状况基础数据；采用胞质分裂阻滞微核实验对不同暴露甲醛水平的作业工人进行细胞遗传毒性效应研究。通过研究发现，木板厂车间空气中甲醛浓度明显高于对照工厂，木板厂工人的班末尿中甲酸含量明显高于对照厂工人，尿中甲酸含量可作为木质家具制造工人暴露接触的指标，可以此指标来综合评价工人接触甲醛状况及其对机体的影响；甲醛高暴露组工人外周血淋巴细胞微核率与对照组相比显著增高；且损害程度与之相应增加，可以考虑其作为早期遗传损伤的指标，这为评价长期接触甲醛工人的健康状况提供了依据。通过调查发现木质家具制造企业职业病防治情况不容乐观，有的企业职业卫生管理机构设置及档案管理制度不全，职业病防治投入经费不足，甲醛等有毒有害物质超标严重，职工健康监护缺项、漏项较多，企业重视程度有待提升，政府相关部门需要加强监督与管理。在以上调查、研究、分析的基础，初步提出了木质家具制造企业甲醛危害防护对策。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the wood furniture manufacturing industry is developing very rapidly. However, most of the current wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in China are small, small scale, low level of production technology, weak occupational health management. The occupational disease protection facilities are not perfect, and there are many occupational hazards such as wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene, vibration, noise and so on. The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of occupational hazards prevention and control in wood furniture manufacturing industry, and to study the influence of formaldehyde, which is widely existing in furniture manufacturing, on the health of workers. For this reason, 20 wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Shandong Province were selected to adopt the methods of questionnaire survey, reference information, interview and on-site inspection. To understand the status quo of occupational disease hazards, occupational health management and health monitoring of workers in enterprises. Occupational health detection technology was used to study the formaldehyde hazards of workers exposed to different levels of formaldehyde exposure. The basic data of workers' health status were obtained through the investigation of occupational hygiene of workers exposed to formaldehyde and the corresponding occupational health examination. Cytotoxic effects of workers exposed to formaldehyde were studied by cytokine-blocking micronucleus assay. The results showed that the formaldehyde concentration in the air of the plank factory was significantly higher than that in the control plant, and the formic acid content in the end-shift urine of the plank factory workers was significantly higher than that of the control factory workers. The content of formic acid in urine can be used as an index of exposure to formaldehyde in wood furniture manufacturing workers, and it can be used to evaluate comprehensively the exposure of workers to formaldehyde and its effect on the body. The micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The degree of damage increases accordingly, which can be considered as an index of early genetic damage. This provides a basis for evaluating the health status of workers exposed to formaldehyde for a long time. Through the investigation, it is found that the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises is not optimistic. Some enterprises occupational health management institutions and file management system is not complete, occupational disease prevention and control of inadequate investment funds, formaldehyde and other toxic and harmful substances in serious excess of standards, lack of staff health monitoring, more missing items. Enterprises need to improve the degree of attention, government departments need to strengthen supervision and management. On the basis of above investigation, research and analysis, the countermeasures of formaldehyde hazard protection in wood-furniture manufacturing enterprises are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R136

【参考文献】