安徽两市社区居家老人健康照顾需求—供给—利用研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 13:00

本文关键词：安徽两市社区居家老人健康照顾需求—供给—利用研究　出处：《安徽医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的为了解城市社区居家老人健康状况、居家老人对社区健康照顾服务需求与社区提供以及利用现状,进一步建立健全社区居家老人综合健康照顾服务体系、完善社区老年健康照顾综合服务提供科学依据。方法按照多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选择年满65岁及以上的城市社区居家老年人群作为样本人群。采用自行设计的《安徽居家老人社区健康照顾需求-供给-利用现状研究》调查问卷,经由统一培训的研究生调查员先后到阜阳与合肥两市实施现场调查。采用Epidata 3.1建立数据库,建立核查文件并进行双录入。将数据库导出并转换为SPSS数据类型文件,并运用相关统计分析模型进行统计分析。结果(1)基本情况:本次共调查534人,回收有效问卷500份,有效应答率93.6%。被调查社区老年人的年龄在65-98岁之间,平均年龄73.12±6.82岁;(2)健康状况:仅45人(9.0%)在生活自理能力、心理健康状况、社会交往及认知能力四个健康维度量表评估均为“好”,其他则在四个健康维度中的一个或多个维度有不同程度的健康减退;368位(73.6%)患有经医院确诊的慢性疾病,92位(18.4%)近两周内患有疾病(除慢性疾病);(3)健康照顾服务需求:181人(36.2%)需要生理照顾服务项目,259人(51.8%)需要心理照顾服务,353人(70.6%)需要社交照顾服务,500人(100.0%)需要社区卫生服务。如果有能力帮助社区其他老人时,409人(81.8%)愿意提供帮助,417人(83.4%)愿意接受社区养老服务。(4)社区健康照顾服务现状:2人(0.4%)接受过生理健康服务,99人(19.8%)接受过心理健康服务,153人(30.6%)接受过社交服务,451人(90.2%)接受过社区卫生服务,所列出的28项服务利用率排名前三的为健康体检(87.8%)、建立健康档案及维护(79.0%)、老年健身场所/设施(30.6%);(5)以需求为导向的社区健康照顾综合服务:经聚类分析将28项服务分为四类,分别为个体健康照顾需求类,16项;集体健康照顾需求类,6项;日常健康照顾需求类,1项;基础健康照顾需求类,5项。结论调查人群健康状况在四个维度评估中,生理能力较好,心理健康与认知能力一般,社交状况略差。社区居家老年人健康照顾服务需求较高,而知晓社区提供服务或服务利用情况较差,社区服务尚未满足老人健康照顾需求,而对各服务项目的需求差别较大,且满足情况较差。应以需求为导向,考虑健康需求项目的特性,根据聚类分析结果进行分类管理,完善社区老年健康照顾综合服务以利于增强社区健康干预效果、改善社区居家老人生存状况及提高健康满意度。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the health status of the elderly living at home in the urban community, and to establish and improve the comprehensive health care service system for the elderly in the community. To improve the community elderly health care comprehensive services to provide scientific basis. Methods according to the multi-stage stratified random sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was designed to investigate the demand, supply and utilization of community health care for the elderly aged 65 and above in urban communities. Through the unified training of graduate investigators to Fuyang and Hefei two cities to carry out on-site investigation, using Epidata 3.1 to establish the database. Create a verification file and double input. Export and convert the database to a SPSS data type file. The results are as follows: 534 people were surveyed and 500 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective response rate was 93.60.The age of the elderly in the investigated community was between 65 and 98 years old, and the average age was 73.12 卤6.82 years old. (2) Health status: only 45 people were assessed as "good" in the four health dimensions of self-care ability, mental health status, social interaction and cognitive ability. Others had varying degrees of decline in one or more of the four health dimensions; 368 patients (73.6) were diagnosed by hospital and 92 patients (18.4%) suffered from diseases (except chronic diseases) in the last two weeks. Health care service demand: 181 to 36.2.) need for physiological care service 259 people and 51.8) need psychological care services. Social care needs 500 people 100.0) need community health services if they are able to help other elderly people in the community. 409 people 81.8) are willing to help. 4people 83.4) willing to accept community old-age care. 4) Community health care service status quo: 2 people / 0. 4) have received physical health services. Mental health services 153 people have received social services 451 people have received social services 90.2%) have received community health services. The top three of the 28 items listed in the list were health check-up (87.8%), the establishment of health records and maintenance (79.0%), and the 30.610% health facilities / facilities for the elderly. (5) Integrated community health care services based on demand: through cluster analysis, 28 services were divided into four categories, 16 items for individual health care needs; 6 items of group health care needs; 1 item for daily health care needs; Conclusion the health status of the investigated population in the four dimensions of assessment, physiological ability is better, mental health and cognitive ability is general. Social status is a little bad. Community elderly health care service demand is higher, but the community service or service utilization is poor, community service has not yet met the elderly health care needs. However, the demand for each service item is quite different, and the satisfaction is poor. We should take the demand as the direction, consider the characteristics of the health demand item, and carry on the classification management according to the cluster analysis result. To improve the community elderly health care comprehensive services in order to enhance the community health intervention effect, improve the living conditions of the elderly in the community and improve health satisfaction.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R161.7

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