河北省农村5岁以下儿童疫苗接种现状调查

发布时间：2018-01-16 13:14

本文关键词：河北省农村5岁以下儿童疫苗接种现状调查　出处：《中国热带医学》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的了解河北省农村5岁以下儿童预防接种状况,寻找影响因素,为制定免疫策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在河北省8个农村县的4 800户家庭中,按照留守与非留守分组调查5岁以下儿童监护状态及卡介苗、百白破、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、乙肝5种疫苗的接种率及其监护人对接种服务的满意度,接种凭证以卡、证记录为准。结果调查农村居民4 800户,5岁以下儿童1 022名,其中留守儿童270名,占26.42%。两类儿童平均年龄分别为2.67、2.62岁,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。留守儿童监护人以母亲为主为68.15%、其次为祖父母为27.41%。卡介苗、百白破、脊灰、麻疹、乙肝疫苗的全程接种率分别为98.53%、95.01%、96.19%、88.26%、98.04%。两类儿童含麻疹成分疫苗2针接种率均最低,分别为87.78%、88.43%;卡介苗接种率均最高,分别为97.78%、98.80%。两类儿童比较卡介苗、百白破、麻疹成分疫苗接种率差异显著,脊灰、乙肝无显著差异。所有调查儿童五苗全程接种率为61.15%,留守儿童为45.56%,非留守儿童为66.76%(P0.01)。监护人类型影响了五种疫苗全程接种率,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。留守儿童监护人对预防接种服务满意度为85.56%,非留守为89.10%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论河北省农村5岁以下儿童,特别是留守儿童五苗全程接种率低,留守儿童监护人对接种服务的满意度较低,需综合分析影响因素,制定有效措施提高各种疫苗的全程接种率。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the vaccination status of children under 5 years of age in rural areas of Hebei Province, to find out the influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of immunization strategies. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used. Among 4,800 families in 8 rural counties of Hebei Province, the surveillance status of children under 5 years old and BCG vaccine, white tetanus, poliomyelitis and measles were investigated according to left-behind and non-left-behind groups. The vaccination rate of 5 kinds of hepatitis B vaccine and the satisfaction degree of the guardian to the inoculation service were determined by the card and the record of the certificate. Results 1 022 children under 5 years of age in 4 800 families of rural residents were investigated. Among them, 270 children were left behind, accounting for 26.42 children. The average age of the two types of children was 2.67 to 2.62 years old respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P 0.05). The majority of the guardians of left-behind children were mothers (68.15) and grandparents (27.41). BCG, P0.05, poliomyelitis, measles. The total vaccination rates of hepatitis B vaccine were 98.53 and 95.01 and 96.19 respectively, and 88.26 and 98.04 respectively. The vaccination rates of two kinds of children containing measles vaccine were the lowest. 87.78 and 88.43, respectively; The BCG vaccination rate was the highest, 97.78% and 98.80%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups of children in BCG vaccine, DPT and measles vaccine coverage rate, poliomyelitis. There was no significant difference in hepatitis B. the total coverage rate of all the investigated children was 61.15 and that of the left-behind children was 45.56%. The number of non-left-behind children was 66.76 and P0.01.The type of guardian affected the total vaccination rate of the five vaccines. The difference was statistically significant (P0.01). The satisfaction of guardian of left-behind children to inoculation service was 85.56 and that of non-left-behind was 89.10%. Conclusion the total vaccination rate of children under 5 years old, especially the left-behind children in Hebei Province is low, and the satisfaction of guardian of left-behind children is low. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the influencing factors and formulate effective measures to improve the coverage rate of all kinds of vaccines.
【作者单位】：石家庄市疾病预防控制中心;河北省医学情报所;
【基金】：河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(No.ZL20140157)
【分类号】：R186
【正文快照】： 我国实施扩大计划免疫(EPI)以来,极大地提高了儿童免疫接种覆盖率,有效降低了疫苗可预防性疾病的发生。但随着农村劳动力外出务工数量的快速增多,留守儿童成为普遍现象[1]。儿童监护人的变化,极易影响儿童疫苗接种的顺利实施[2]。本文了解河北省农村地区5岁以下儿童疫苗接种现

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