疫苗接种站布点的多目标决策优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 02:01

本文关键词： 公共服务设施疫苗接种站布点　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公共服务设施是为城市居民提供公共服务产品的设施,与居民生活密切相关。公共服务设施选址追求社会效益,它强调公共资源分配的公平性,即在同样的条件下,人们能够获得同质的公共服务。控制传染性疾病最主要的手段是预防,而接种疫苗被认为是最行之有效的措施。接种站是居民接种疫苗的基层单位。随着社会经济的发展,生活水平的提高,人们对预防接种的安全性、有效性以及服务质量都有了更高的要求。在此背景下,接种站布点的合理性和公平性就至关重要。基于这样的背景,通过对国内外文献的梳理,本文提出了“疫苗接种站布点的多目标决策优化研究”这一选题。建立了多目标的数学规划模型,在现有接种站的基础上进行选择,对接种站所服务的社区进行重新分配,调整全天开放的接种站个数,重新分配接种站的专业人员数量,以实现区域内全天开放的接种站个数最多、社区居民到对应接种站的距离总和最小、需要的专业人员数量最少。本文以深圳市南山区接种站的布点情况为算例,运用Lingo和Cplex软件进行求解,并对模型中重要参数进行数值实验,对接种站布点、需求点分配、专业人员配置等决策提出以下建议:当全天开放的接种站个数一定时,增加专业人员数量会减少社区居民到接种站的距离,但是如果全天开放的接种站个数增加到一定数量后,增加专业人员数量并不会带来总距离的减少;当专业人员数量一定时,适度增加全天开放的接种站个数会减少社区居民到接种站的距离,当专业人员数量过多时,增加全天开放的接种站个数并不会使得总距离得到明显的减少;同时,政府的计划生育政策可能会影响到新生儿的出生率,因此,接种站的布点决策应该考虑到政府相关政策的影响。本文的主要贡献在于建立了多目标规划模型,在总距离最小、全天开放接种站个数最多、专业人员数量最少三个目标中,优先考虑总距离最小的目标,从而为社区居民带来便利,进而提高接种站的服务质量。由于涉及的接种站和社区的个数众多,传统的解析求解的方法显然有一定难度,因此本文采用的计算机软件来进行求解和分析,后期通过数值实验、画图,对所得结果进行分析和研究,得出了相关结论。
[Abstract]:The public service facility is the facility which provides the public service product for the city resident, and is closely related to the resident life. The public service facility location pursues the social benefit, it emphasizes the fairness of the public resource distribution. That is, under the same conditions, people have access to homogenous public services. The most important means of controlling infectious diseases is prevention. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective measure. Vaccination station is the basic unit of vaccination. With the development of social economy and the improvement of living standard, people are safe for vaccination. Efficiency and quality of service have higher requirements. In this context, the reasonableness and fairness of inoculation stations are very important. Based on this background, through the review of domestic and foreign literature. This paper puts forward the topic of "Multi-objective decision Optimization study of vaccination Station Distribution". A multi-objective mathematical programming model is established and selected on the basis of existing vaccination stations. The communities served by the vaccination stations were redistributed, the number of vaccination stations opened all day was adjusted, and the number of professionals in the vaccination stations was redistributed, so as to achieve the largest number of vaccination stations open all day in the region. The total distance between community residents and the corresponding vaccination station is the smallest and the number of professionals needed is the least. This paper takes the distribution situation of inoculation station in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City as an example. Lingo and Cplex software are used to solve the problem, and the important parameters in the model are numerically tested, the docking stations are distributed and the demand points are allocated. When the number of vaccination stations is fixed, increasing the number of professionals will reduce the distance between community residents and vaccination stations. However, if the number of vaccination stations open all day to a certain number, the increase in the number of professionals will not lead to a reduction in the total distance; When the number of professionals is certain, a moderate increase in the number of vaccination stations open throughout the day will reduce the distance between community residents and vaccination stations, when the number of professionals is excessive. Increasing the number of vaccination stations open all day does not significantly reduce the total distance; At the same time, the Government's family planning policy may affect the birth rate of newborns. The main contribution of this paper is to establish a multi-objective programming model, in which the total distance is the smallest and the number of open vaccination stations is the most. Among the minimum three goals of the number of professionals, priority is given to the goal of the minimum total distance, thus bringing convenience to the community residents and thus improving the quality of service of the vaccination station, because of the large number of vaccination stations and communities involved. The traditional analytical solution method is obviously difficult, so the computer software used in this paper is used to solve and analyze, through numerical experiments, drawing, the results are analyzed and studied in the later period. The relevant conclusions are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R186

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