滨州市大学生膳食营养现状分析

发布时间：2018-01-29 15:20

本文关键词： 大学生膳食调查营养状况　出处：《青岛大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的了解大学生的膳食状况及其影响因素,为提高学生营养水平,增进学生体质与健康提供科学依据。方法采用横断面设计方法,调查在校学生,问卷为自行设计,对甲学院和乙学院各专业共260名学生,进行营养知识、营养态度及饮食行为调查,计算营养知识知晓率,评价学生现时营养状况；营养调查评价采用记帐法对两所高校食堂进行膳食结构的调查,统计2011年12月份食堂消耗的各类食品及重量,计算两高校大学生平均每人每日各种食物消耗量和各类营养素摄入量,并与中国营养学会2000年修订的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》(DRIs)及2007年修订的《中国居民膳食宝塔》中每天各种食物的合理摄入范围进行比较。结果(1)滨州市大学生BMI分布基本正常。9.5%偏瘦,85.5%正常,5%超重。偏瘦的学生中,87%为女生。每月消费水平对大学生的BMI影响有统计学差异。(2)大学生营养知识较缺乏,存在不合理的饮食行为。回收有效问卷242份,10道营养知识题中答对率超过50%的只有4题。相当多的学生在饮食行为上存在一些问题,如按照口味而不是按营养需要选择食物,不能坚持吃早餐、不常饮奶,不常吃水果等。在营养学问题知晓、营养知识获取、运用、早餐及一日三餐等方面女生的营养知识得分率、营养态度、饮食行为优于男生,医学院校学生优于综合院校学生,均有统计学差异,P0.05。(3)滨州市两高校食堂膳食以谷类及其制品为主,蔬菜、豆及豆制品、水产品的摄入量偏少,水果、奶及奶制品的摄入量明显不足。各种营养素的摄入量：钠、维生素E达推荐摄入量,热量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、硫胺素、铁摄入基本充足,而维生素A、核黄素、钙严重缺乏。学生三餐热能分配早餐略低,晚餐略高。结论滨州市两高校大学生营养知识不够丰富,膳食结构不够合理,但营养态度良好。与营养素推荐摄入量比较,大多数营养素摄入量偏低。应普及营养学知识,科学指导学生饮食,改进膳食结构,以提高大学生整体素质。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the dietary status of college students and its influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for improving students' nutritional level and improving students' physique and health. Methods A cross-sectional design method was used to investigate the students. The questionnaire was designed by ourselves to investigate the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude and dietary behavior of 260 students from each major in College A and College B. The knowledge rate of nutrition knowledge was calculated and the current nutritional status of students was evaluated. In December 2011, the food consumption and weight of the canteen in the two colleges and universities were counted according to the dietary structure of the two university canteens. The average daily food consumption and nutrient intake of the two college students were calculated. And the reference intake of dietary nutrients of Chinese residents revised by the Chinese Nutrition Society in 2000. The reasonable range of daily food intake in Chinese Dietary Pagoda revised in 2007 was compared. Results (1) the distribution of BMI in students of Binzhou was normal. 85.5% of them were normal and 5% were overweight. 87% is female. The influence of monthly consumption level on BMI of college students is statistically different. 2) the nutritional knowledge of college students is lack and unreasonable eating behavior exists. 242effective questionnaires were collected. Of the 10 nutritional knowledge questions, only 4 had the correct answer rate of more than 50%. Quite a number of students had some problems in their eating behavior, such as choosing food according to taste rather than nutritional needs, and could not insist on eating breakfast. In nutrition knowledge, nutrition knowledge acquisition, use, breakfast and three meals a day, girls' nutritional knowledge score rate, nutrition attitude, eating behavior is better than boys. Medical college students are better than comprehensive college students, there are statistical differences (P0.05.93) Binzhou two colleges and universities dining hall meals are mainly cereals and their products, vegetables, beans and soybean products. Intake of aquatic products is low, and intake of fruits, milk and dairy products is obviously insufficient. Intake of various nutrients: sodium, vitamin E to recommended intake, calories, proteins, carbohydrates, thiamine. Iron intake is basically adequate, while vitamin A, riboflavin and calcium are severely deficient. Conclusion the nutritional knowledge and dietary structure of the college students in Binzhou City are not rich enough, but the nutritional attitude is good, which is compared with the recommended intake of nutrients. The majority of nutrient intake is on the low side. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge of nutrition, guide students' diet scientifically and improve their dietary structure in order to improve the overall quality of college students.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151

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