某燃气公司焦化甲醇一体化项目作业环境职业病危害因素调查与评价

发布时间：2018-01-31 07:44

本文关键词： 焦化甲醇生产作业环境健康危害　出处：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：通过对某燃气公司焦化甲醇一体化项目生产作业环境中职业病危害因素种类的识别,以及对健康影响程度、工程防护措施效果和管理情况等进行全面的评价,提出切实、合理、可行的控制职业病危害因素的对策,确保生产作业环境中职业病危害因素的浓度控制在国家标准范围内,从生产源头控制职业病危害因素,起到保护作业人员健康及相关权益,促进企业经济发展的目的。同时做出客观、真实的评价结论,为项目防护设施竣工验收和企业职业病防治的日常管理提供科学的技术依据。根据《建设项目职业病危害评价规范》、《建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价技术导则》的规定,通过阅读资料法、现场调查法了解生产工艺的全过程,运用工程分析法识别该项目生产作业环境中存在的职业病危害种类；用定点采样法和个体采样法对正常生产作业环境中职业病危害因素的浓度或强度进行检测；用检查表法、现场调查法对工程防护设施、卫生管理情况等进行调查；用综合分析法对该项目生产作业环境中存在的职业病危害因素的危害程度及其控制效果从多层次、多途径、多方位进行综合分析和评价,从而提出控制职业病危害因素的合理、可行的防护对策和建议。 (1)某燃气公司焦化甲醇一体化项目正常生产作业环境中存在的主要职业病危害因素有一氧化碳、甲醇、苯、噪声等24种；(2)在生产作业环境中检测到18种职业病危害因素,如：苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、苯酚、萘、)硫化物(二硫化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氢)、氮氧化物(一氧化氮、二氧化氮)、强酸强碱(硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠)及氨、氰化氢、锰及其化合物的浓度或强度控制在国家标准范围内；而粉尘、一氧化碳、焦炉逸散物、甲醇、噪声、高温等6种职业病危害因素的浓度或强度超过国家标准,尤其焦炉逸散物为该项目重要危害因素；(3)工程防护设施和管理措施不完全符合国家要求是形成职业病危害因素超标的主要隐患。该焦化甲醇一体化项目属于职业病危害严重的建设项目；企业日常管理中应重视粉尘、一氧化碳、焦炉逸散物、甲醇、噪声、高温等6种职业病危害因素的控制,重点监视治理职业病危害因素超标的工作地点,对接触职业病危害因素超标的岗位作业人员进行重点健康监护,并加强个人防护；应当重点健全和完善对粉尘、一氧化碳、焦炉逸散物、甲醇、噪声、高温等6种职业病危害因素工程措施和管理措施。
[Abstract]:Through the identification of occupational hazard factors in the production environment of the coking and methanol integration project of a gas company, as well as the comprehensive evaluation on the degree of health impact, the effect of engineering protection measures and the management situation, etc. Put forward practical, reasonable and feasible measures to control occupational disease hazards, ensure that the concentration of occupational disease hazards in the production environment is within the scope of national standards, and control occupational disease hazards from the source of production. To protect the health of operators and related rights and interests, to promote the economic development of enterprises. At the same time, to make objective, real evaluation conclusions. It provides a scientific and technical basis for the acceptance of project protection facilities and the daily management of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises. According to the regulations of "Standard for Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation of Construction Project" and "Technical guideline for evaluating the effect of Occupational Disease Hazard Control in Construction Project", the whole process of production process is understood by reading material method and field investigation method. Using the engineering analysis method to identify the occupational hazards in the production and working environment of the project; The concentration or intensity of occupational hazard factors in normal production and working environment were detected by fixed-point sampling method and individual sampling method. To investigate the engineering protection facilities and sanitary management by means of inspection form and field investigation. The comprehensive analysis method is used to analyze and evaluate the degree and control effect of occupational disease hazard factors in the production environment of the project from multi-level, multi-way and multi-direction comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Therefore, reasonable and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for controlling occupational disease hazard factors are put forward. 1) the main occupational hazard factors in the normal production and working environment of the coking and methanol integration project of a gas company are carbon monoxide, methanol, benzene, noise and so on. 18 occupational hazard factors, such as benzene series (benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, phenol, naphthalene) sulfide (carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) were detected in the production environment. The concentration or strength of nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide), strong acids and bases (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) and ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, manganese and their compounds are controlled within the national standard; The concentration or intensity of dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise, high temperature and so on are higher than the national standard, especially the coke oven emission is the important hazard factor of the project. 3) the main hidden trouble of occupational disease hazard factors is that the engineering protective facilities and management measures are not fully in line with the national requirements. The coking methanol integration project belongs to the construction project of serious occupational disease hazard; In the daily management of enterprises, we should pay attention to the control of six kinds of occupational disease hazard factors, such as dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise, high temperature and so on. To carry on the key health supervision and strengthen the personal protection to the post workers who are exposed to the occupational disease hazard factor exceeding the standard; The engineering measures and management measures for 6 kinds of occupational disease hazards such as dust, carbon monoxide, coke oven emission, methanol, noise and high temperature should be improved.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

【共引文献】