船舶装载苯过程中挥发物对船员的危害评估

发布时间：2018-02-13 18:03

本文关键词： 散装危险化学品船装载过程苯挥发物船员在船时间危险区域　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：危险化学品船舶在装载过程中存在货物跑、冒、滴、漏以及气体挥发等现象,给船员人身生命健康带来严重的安全隐患。海上运输的危险化学品中,苯及苯系物最为常见,运输量巨大,且苯是最常用的化工原料,属于Ⅰ级极度危害危险化学品,具有危险化学品的一般性质,因此选取苯装载过程为研究对象具有代表性。首先,研究了危险化学品船舶装载流程中挥发物产生的环节,结合重气理论,确定船舶装载苯的过程中实验采样点的位置。其次,根据苯的理化性质及危险化学品船舶特点,确定使用主动采样和被动采样相结合的方法进行实验。然后,使用安捷伦气相色谱-质谱联用仪来制定标线、分析气体成分及浓度,对采集到的样品进行多次检测求平均值,从风速、温度以及船员安全管理等方面,分析船舶装载苯过程中影响挥发物浓度的原因,并得出采样点中最高浓度。最后,从非患恶性肿瘤风险及患恶性肿瘤风险两个方面评估了船舶装载苯过程中挥发物质对船员的危害程度,并确定船员在船工作时间年限;根据测得浓度结合高斯烟羽模型和PG模型进行MATLAB仿真,得出船员工作区域的危险区域范围,为船员安全进一步提供安全保障。实验证明,海船装载苯过程中,挥发物包括以苯为主的芳香烃类物质;苯及芳香烃化合物挥发物浓度与船员操作标准化程度相关;苯及芳香烃类化合物对船员的伤害程度与船员在甲板暴露时间,尤其是危险范围的暴露时间长短相关;船员罹患恶性肿瘤的可能性不仅与甲板暴露时间相关,还与危化品船舶工作年限相关。船员需严格按照标准化操作程序进行货物装载;船员从事相关工作时间需要严格限制。
[Abstract]:In the course of loading dangerous chemicals ships have such phenomena as cargo running, running, dropping, leaking and gas volatilization, which bring serious safety risks to the life and health of crew members. Among the dangerous chemicals transported by sea, benzene and benzene series are the most common. Benzene is the most commonly used chemical raw material, which belongs to class I hazardous chemicals and has the general properties of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, benzene loading process is chosen as the representative research object. Based on the heavy gas theory, the location of the sampling points in the process of loading benzene is determined. Secondly, according to the physical and chemical properties of benzene and the characteristics of dangerous chemical ships, the formation of volatile matter in the loading process of dangerous chemicals is studied. It is determined that the method of combining active sampling with passive sampling will be used to carry out the experiment. Then, the Agilent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to draw up the marking lines, to analyze the gas composition and concentration, and to test the collected samples many times to get the average value. From the aspects of wind speed, temperature and crew safety management, this paper analyzes the reasons that affect the concentration of volatile matter in the process of loading benzene, and obtains the highest concentration in the sampling point. From the two aspects of the risk of non-malignant tumor and the risk of malignant tumor, the harm degree of volatile matter to the crew during the process of loading benzene was evaluated, and the working time of the crew was determined. According to the MATLAB simulation of Gao Si smoke plume model and PG model according to the measured concentration, the range of dangerous area of crew working area is obtained, which provides further safety guarantee for crew safety. Volatile substances include aromatic hydrocarbons, which are mainly benzene; the concentrations of benzene and aromatic compounds are related to the degree of standardization of crew operations; the degree of damage caused by benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons to the crew and the exposure time of the crew to the deck, In particular, the length of exposure to the hazardous range is related to the length of exposure; the probability of the crew suffering from malignant neoplasms is related not only to the exposure time of the deck, but also to the length of service of the dangerous chemicals vessel. The crew shall carry out cargo loading in strict accordance with the standardized operating procedures; The crew's working hours should be strictly limited.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R13;U698.3

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