煤码头煤尘职业健康影响风险评估

发布时间：2018-02-21 20:56

本文关键词： 煤码头煤尘职业健康风险评估　出处：《卫生研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的评估煤码头煤尘职业健康风险,确定高风险岗位。方法以渤海地区2个5万~15万吨级煤码头接触煤尘作业人员作为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查了解煤码头的生产工艺、煤尘分布、煤尘游离二氧化硅含量、防尘措施设施、个人使用的职业病防护用品、职业卫生管理等情况,采用滤膜称重法测定各工作场所和主要接尘岗位的煤尘接触浓度,采用国际懫矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估方法和职业危害风险指数法评估主要接尘岗位的煤尘健康风险。结果煤码头转接塔、翻车机、装船机和煤堆场附近工作场所的煤尘浓度较高,浓度范围为总尘8.8~85.1 mg/m~3,呼尘2.3~32.3 mg/m~3。国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估法评估结果:78.6%的岗位职业健康风险为"不可容忍"水平,各岗位风险值翻车机司机的总尘与呼尘(1500、5000)、舱口指挥工的呼尘(1500)和煤堆场清扫工的呼尘(900)风险值明显高于转接塔巡视工(600)、堆取料机司机(450)。风险指数法评估结果:翻车机司机的呼尘和总尘分别为重度和中度危害(危害指数分别为40.03和16.95),卸煤部清扫工和煤堆场清扫工的总尘均为轻度危害(危害指数分别为6.02和8.70),其余均为无危害。结论煤码头煤尘职业危害主要集中在煤炭装卸(重度和中度危害)、转运(轻度危害)和二次扬尘(轻度危害)过程。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the occupational health risk of coal dust in coal wharf, and to determine the high risk position. Methods two 50,000 ~ 150 thousand ton coal wharf workers exposed to coal dust in Bohai Sea were used as the research objects, and the production process of coal wharf was investigated by occupational health survey. The distribution of coal dust, the content of free silica in coal dust, the dust prevention facilities, the protective articles of occupational diseases used by individuals and the management of occupational hygiene, etc., were measured by filter membrane weighing method. The occupational health risk assessment method and the occupational hazard risk index method of the International Coal Mine and Metals Committee were used to evaluate the coal dust health risk in the main dust exposure positions. The concentration of coal dust in the workplace near the loading machine and the coal dump yard is relatively high, with the concentration range of 85.1 mg / m ~ 3 of total dust and 2.3 mg / m ~ (3) of exhaling dust. The International Commission on Mining and Metals' Occupational Health risk Assessment results show that the occupational health risk is "intolerable" in the case of 78.6% of the occupational health risks. The risk value of the total dust and dust of the driver of the turbomachine is 1500 / 5000m, the value of the exhaling dust of the hatch supervisor is 1500) and the value of the exhaling dust / dust of the coal yard sweeper is obviously higher than that of the trailing tower patrol worker (600m), and the driver of the pile taker is 4500.The result of the risk index method is as follows:. The smoke and total dust of truck drivers were severe and moderate (hazard index 40.03 and 16.95) respectively, and the total dust of coal discharger and coal yard cleaner were mild hazard (hazard index 6.02 and 8.70), the others were not dangerous. Conclusion the occupational hazards of coal dust in coal wharf are mainly in the process of coal loading and unloading (heavy and moderate hazard), transport (light hazard) and secondary dust (light hazard).
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所;
【基金】：职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(No.1311400010903)
【分类号】：R134

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