建筑工程施工阶段扬尘监测及健康损害评价

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:34

本文关键词： 施工阶段扬尘健康损害监测评价分析　出处：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：施工扬尘是建筑工程施工阶段对建筑业从业人员职业健康威胁较大的一个因素之一。在建筑工程施工的各个阶段，都会有不同程度的施工扬尘排放，对相关的施工人员以及管理人员造成了较为严重的健康影响。为了能更好的对施工扬尘及相关受影响人群采取有针对性的防控及保护措施，我们需要对施工扬尘在不同施工阶段以及现场不同人群之间的分布规律和特征有一个更为准确的认识，进而从管理层面制定有效的扬尘防控管理办法和策略。所以，本文希望通过对实际工程项目的扬尘监测，开展施工扬尘的测评研究，以对实际工程项目中相关人群所受施工扬尘的健康影响状况做深入的分析。首先，论文根据各施工阶段施工活动与场地内人群的分布特征，有针对各施工阶段制定了一套能反映该阶段各类主要人群所受扬尘健康影响差异的扬尘监测方案，并选择了北京市5个有代表性且处于各个施工阶段的工程建设项目进行了实地监测，获取了3个施工阶段17个基本点位共347组扬尘浓度样本基础数据，并对其进行了整理和比较分析，积累了大量原始数据，同时对扬尘污染在各阶段的分布有一个初步的认识。另外，论文基于建筑健康损害评价体系（BHIAS）以及健康风险评价方法，针对现有健康损害评价体系过于依赖清单数据而无法体现施工现场环境数据的不足，创新的构建出一套使用现场环境数据并且可以导出货币化评价结果的扬尘健康损害测算模型。该模型以监测扬尘浓度为基础，通过暴露参数方法计算出一定扬尘浓度下的健康风险，之后按照一定比例将该风险分摊至具体损害终端疾病上，，通过医学上的已有成果计算出人体健康生命损失，最后通过最新的生命年价值换算，实现测算结果的货币化表征，使得该模型能融入已有的BHIAS评价体系，极大的拓展了建筑健康损害体系的适用范围，并为类似的研究提供了借鉴和参考。希望通过本文的成果，为后续的深入研究提供扎实的数据基础，同时为施工扬尘防控及相关人员防护政策及管理办法的制定提供客观科学的依据，使广大建筑从业人员的职业健康得到更加切实的保障。
[Abstract]:Construction dust is one of the factors that threaten the occupational health of construction workers at the construction stage. In order to be able to better the construction dust and the relevant affected people to take targeted prevention and control and protection measures, We need to have a more accurate understanding of the distribution and characteristics of dust in different construction stages and among different people in the field, and then formulate effective methods and strategies for dust prevention and control from the management level. This paper hopes to carry out the evaluation and study of construction dust through the dust monitoring of actual engineering projects, in order to make a deep analysis of the health influence of the relevant people in the actual engineering projects. Firstly, according to the characteristics of construction activities and the distribution of people in the site, a dust monitoring scheme is developed to reflect the difference of the health effects of various kinds of people in the construction stage. Five representative construction projects in Beijing were selected to carry out field monitoring, and 347 sets of dust concentration samples were obtained from 17 basic sites in 3 construction stages. It has been collated and compared and analyzed, accumulated a large number of raw data, at the same time, there is a preliminary understanding of the distribution of dust pollution in each stage. In addition, based on building health damage assessment system (BHIASS) and health risk assessment method, the existing health damage assessment system is too dependent on inventory data to reflect the lack of construction site environmental data. An innovative model for measuring dust health damage using field environmental data and deriving monetized assessment results is developed. The model is based on monitoring dust concentrations. The health risk under a certain dust concentration is calculated by the method of exposure parameters, and then the risk is apportioned to the specific damage terminal disease according to a certain proportion, and the loss of human health life is calculated through the existing medical achievements. Finally, through the latest conversion of life year value, the monetization representation of the calculation results is realized, which makes the model fit into the existing BHIAS evaluation system, and greatly expands the scope of application of the building health damage system. It also provides reference and reference for similar research. It is hoped that through the results of this paper, it will provide a solid data base for further research, and provide an objective and scientific basis for the construction dust prevention and control and the formulation of relevant personnel protection policies and management methods. So that the occupational health of the vast number of construction workers to get more practical protection.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R135;TU714

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