某市水源水五氯酚残留与恶性肿瘤发病风险性关系的研究
发布时间:2018-02-27 09:42
本文关键词: 恶性肿瘤 发病率 五氯酚 环境暴露 出处:《安徽医科大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:目的 了解血吸虫流行区中五氯酚(pentachlorophol,PCP)污染区的恶性肿瘤发病情况及特征,并结合该地区水源水五氯酚的残留情况,以社区人群为基础,通过生态学研究的方法,分析和探讨五氯酚长期低剂量暴露与恶性肿瘤发病的风险性关系。 方法 根据2009~2012年某市国家肿瘤登记系统中各类恶性肿瘤的发病数据,以及该市范围内各社区卫生服务中心和社区卫生室等随访获得的肿瘤发病资料,按性别、发病部位、发病年龄等分类,统计分析肿瘤的粗发病率、标化发病率及年龄别发病率等指标。 采用固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱法测定该市每个水厂水样中五氯酚残留量,估计该地区范围内社区人群的五氯酚暴露水平,并以四分位区间划分低、中、高三个暴露等级。采用内对照形式,以低暴露区为参照,计算不同五氯酚暴露区恶性肿瘤的粗发病率、标化发病率,统计分析不同暴露区恶性肿瘤发病的标化发病率比,比较不同五氯酚暴露水平恶性肿瘤发病的风险性。 结果 2009~2012年共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例6750例,年平均粗发病率为233.10/10万(男性为298.14/10万,女性为165.20/10万),年平均标化发病率为123.77/10万(男性为147.78/10万,女性为93.03/10万),男性发病率高于女性。50岁以上人群恶性肿瘤发病有上升趋势,70岁以后为恶性肿瘤好发年龄段。全人群恶性肿瘤发病顺位前五位分别为胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、肝癌。消化道癌和肺癌为该市的好发肿瘤,胃癌在男性和女性肿瘤发病均位于首位。 运用固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱法测定地表水中五氯酚含量,五氯酚在0.1~1000μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,其相关系数为0.9996,若取水样100ml,按此方法,最低检测质量浓度为1.0ng/L,方法平均回收率在91.9~109.0%,RSD均小于5%。所采水厂水样共27份,均有五氯酚检出,测定含量为11.21~684.00ng/L。 高暴露区恶性肿瘤发病率高于其他两个暴露区。与低暴露区相比,中暴露区合计所有肿瘤的发病风险比SRR为1.05,95%CI=1.01~1.10,高暴露区合计所有肿瘤的SRR为1.67,95%CI=1.60~1.74。随着暴露等级的增加,大部分肿瘤发病风险有所上升。其中男性白血病(中等暴露SRR=3.95,高暴露SRR=18.83)、脑瘤(中等暴露SRR=2.04,高暴露SRR=4.90)和女性恶性淋巴瘤(中等暴露SRR=9.03,高暴露SRR=35.05)、食管癌(中等暴露SRR=1.05,高暴露SRR=3.60)的发病风险较高。此外高暴露区各年龄组发病风险比均高于中暴露区,随着年龄的增长,除肺癌和肝癌外,高暴露区恶性淋巴瘤、消化道癌和乳腺癌发病风险均有所上升。 结论 消化道癌和肺癌为研究地区的好发肿瘤,胃癌应作为该市监测和控制的重点。中老年人群是恶性肿瘤的高危人群,应加强该人群的预防保健工作。 SPE-GC/MS/MS法测定地表水中五氯酚,,方法操作方便,回收率高,在实际应用中效果良好,适用于水中痕量PCP的定性、定量分析。 长期低剂量五氯酚暴露与血液肿瘤、消化系统肿瘤、神经系统肿瘤发病可能相关,特别是与恶性淋巴瘤、白血病、食管癌发病可能存在的一定相关性,五氯酚长期低剂量的环境污染健康风险不可忽视。
[Abstract]:Purpose To understand the incidence and characteristics of malignant tumors in the contaminated areas of PCP in the epidemic area of Schistosoma japonicum , and to analyze and discuss the risk - related relationship between the long - term exposure of PCP and the onset of malignant tumor based on community population . method According to the incidence data of all kinds of malignant tumors in the national tumor registration system from 2009 to 2012 , and the data of cancer incidence obtained from the follow - up of community health service centers and community health centers in the city , the indexes such as the sex , the incidence part , the age of the onset and the like are classified , and the indexes such as the gross incidence rate , the standardized incidence rate and the age of the tumor are statistically analyzed . Using solid - phase extraction - gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry , the levels of PCP residues in each water sample of the city were determined , and the levels of PCP exposure in the community population were estimated . Results In 2009 ~ 2012 , 6750 new cases of malignant tumor were reported . The average annual average incidence rate was 233 . 10 / 100 000 ( male : 298.14 / 100 000 , female : 165.20 / 100000 ) . The incidence of malignant tumor was 123.77 / 100 000 ( male 147.78 / 100000 , female 93.03 / 100000 ) . The incidence of malignant tumor in the whole population was higher than that of female . The first five of the patients with malignant tumor were gastric cancer , lung cancer , esophageal cancer , colorectal cancer , liver cancer , digestive tract cancer and lung cancer . The linear relationship of PCP in surface water was determined by solid - phase extraction - gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry . The correlation coefficient was 0.9996 . The correlation coefficient was 0.9996 . If 100 ml of water sample was taken , the average recovery was 91.9 锝
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