大学新生的膳食模式的影响因素及与其不良结局关联的研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 05:13

本文选题：大学新生　切入点：膳食模式　出处：《安徽医科大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的描述大学新生膳食模式的类型，探讨其膳食模式与相关影响因素的关联。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在安徽省合肥市某高校的大学新生选取研究对象。由经过专门培训的调查员对大学生进行问卷调查，收集大学新生的基本信息、健康相关行为的情况和食物摄入情况，食物摄入情况主要使用食物频率表进行调查。从2010年9月开始，共1414名大学新生被纳入研究，最终收集有效问卷1319份。采用因子分析的方法判断膳食模式类型，再分析各种相关因素对每种饮食模式的影响。结果大学新生的膳食模式共分为4种类型。分别为“西方食物”型、“动物性食物”型、“钙类食物”型、“传统中国”型。“西方食物”型是以汉堡包/油炸食品、腌制食品、坚果类、零食、可乐、雪碧、咖啡、糖类等食物为主；“动物性食物”型是以猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、禽肉、动物肝脏、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、坚果类等食物为主；“钙类食物”型是以新鲜水果、鸡蛋、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、奶及奶制品、豆类及豆制品等食物为主；“传统中国”型是以粮谷类、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、猪肉等食物为主。每一种膳食模式均与不同的社会人口统计学特征、生活方式和运动有关。并且4种膳食模式均与社会人口统计学变量有较强的关联。尤其值得指出的是，，“西方食物”型和“动物性食物”型这两种不健康的膳食模式与居住地点、就餐地点和父母亲文化程度呈正相关，与家庭经济状况呈负相关；而“钙类食物”型和“传统中国”型膳食模式则与这些人口统计学变量呈负相关，与家庭经济状况呈正相关。此外，体力活动与大学新生各种膳食模式之间也存在关联。结论大学新生饮食可分为4种主要类型，不同膳食模式有不同的影响因素。确定大学新生的膳食模式及其影响因素，为进一步指导大学生进行合理的饮食提供了坚实的理论基础。目的探讨大学新生的膳食模式与其不良结局（超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖、血压高值/高血压、骨量减少/骨质疏松）的关联。方法以“研究之一”的1319名大学新生为研究对象，每个因素按三分位数分组。分析高三分位数组（T3）和低三分位数组（T1）样本特征值的差异，连续变量用单因素方差分析，分类变量用卡方检验。然后用非条件logistic回归模型，控制混杂因素（家庭经济情况、被动吸烟、饮酒史、运动、服用含钙类营养补充剂）分别分析每种膳食模式对不良结局（超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖、血压高值/高血压、骨量减少/骨质疏松）的关联。结果控制居住地点、就餐地点、经济状况、父母亲的BMI值、体力活动、被动吸烟、饮酒和营养补充剂等混杂因素后，高程度“西方食物”型膳食模式可以增加超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危险性(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.24~3.22; OR=1.72,95%CI:1.39~3.76)，高程度“动物性食物”型膳食模式可以增加血压高值/高血压的危险性(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~2.08)，高程度“钙类食物”型膳食模式可以降低骨量减少/骨质疏松危险性(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41~0.87)，高程度“传统中国”型膳食模式可以降低超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖和骨量减少/骨质疏松危险性(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84; OR=0.78,95%CI:0.55~0.91). 结论大学新生的4种膳食模式与其4种不良结局关系密切。确定大学新生的膳食模式与其不良结局间的关系，为进一步指导大学生进行合理的饮食提供了坚实的理论基础。
[Abstract]:Objective to describe the type of dietary pattern of freshmen and to explore the relationship between the dietary patterns and the related factors.
The freshmen method by using stratified random sampling method in a university in Anhui Province, Hefei city were selected. For students to carry out the questionnaire by trained investigators, and collect basic information for university students, health related behaviors and food intake, food intake using food frequency questionnaire survey from. The beginning of September 2010, a total of 1414 freshmen were included in the study, collected 1319 valid questionnaires. Factor analysis method is adopted to determine the dietary patterns, and analysis of various relevant factors for each kind of eating patterns.
4 types of the freshmen's dietary pattern is divided into: "Western food", "animal food", "calcium food", "traditional Chinese". "Western food" is a hamburger / fried foods, preserved foods, nuts, snacks, cola, Sprite coffee, sugar, and other food; "animal food" with pork, mutton, beef, poultry meat, animal liver, fish and shrimp / fish / kelp, seaweed and other marine products, nuts and other foods; "calcium food" is a fresh fruit, egg, fish, shrimp, seaweed / fish / seaweed and other marine products, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products such as food; "traditional China" type is the grain, fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, pork and other food. With the social demographic characteristics of every kind of a different pattern of diet, lifestyle and sports related and 4. All dietary pattern has a strong association with sociodemographic variables. In particular, the "Western food" and "animal food" this two kinds of unhealthy dietary patterns and place of residence, dining places and parents' education level was positively correlated with family economic status was negatively correlated; and calcium types of food "and" traditional Chinese "type of dietary patterns and these demographic variables were negatively correlated, and was positively correlated with the economic situation of the family. In addition, there is also the association between physical activity and dietary patterns of college freshmen.
Conclusion the diet of freshmen can be divided into 4 main types. Different dietary patterns have different influencing factors. Determining the dietary pattern of freshmen and its influencing factors provide a solid theoretical foundation for further guidance of College Students' reasonable diet.
Objective to explore the association between the dietary patterns of freshmen and their adverse outcomes (overweight / obesity, central obesity, high blood pressure / hypertension, osteopenia / osteoporosis).
The method of "1319 freshmen of" as the research object, each factor according to the three percentile group. Third bit array analysis (T3) and low three bit array (T1) differences between the eigenvalues of the sample, one way ANOVA for continuous variables and categorical variables using chi square test. And then the non the conditional logistic regression model, controlling for confounding factors (family economic situation, passive smoking, drinking, exercise, taking calcium containing nutritional supplements) were analyzed for each dietary pattern of adverse outcomes (overweight / obesity, central obesity, high blood pressure / high blood pressure, osteopenia / osteoporosis) association.
The control of the place of residence, dining places, economic status, parental BMI, physical activity, smoking, drinking and nutritional supplements and other confounding factors, the high degree of "Western food" dietary pattern can increase the risk of obesity and overweight / obesity Center (OR =2.00,95%CI:1.24~3.22; OR=1.72,95%CI:1.39~3.76), a high degree of "animal food" dietary pattern can increase the risk of hypertension / high blood pressure value of (OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~2.08), the high degree of "calcium foods" type of dietary patterns can reduce osteopenia / osteoporosis risk (OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41~0.87), a high degree of "traditional China" dietary pattern can reduce overweight / obesity, central obesity and reduce / bone osteoporosis risk (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84; OR=0.78,95%CI:0.55~0.91).
Conclusion the 4 dietary patterns of freshmen are closely related to 4 kinds of adverse outcomes. To determine the relationship between the dietary patterns of college freshmen and their adverse outcomes, it provides a solid theoretical basis for further instructing college students to have a reasonable diet.

【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R151

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