中国成年居民膳食模式变化及与肥胖关系的研究（1991-2009）

发布时间：2018-03-18 04:20

本文选题：膳食模式　切入点：肥胖　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景伴随着经济的快速发展,中国正处于营养变迁之中,成年居民超重和肥胖率呈现快速增长趋势。传统的膳食研究方法主要是探讨单一营养素或者食物与肥胖的关系,具有一定的局限性。膳食模式研究是对整体膳食进行分析,能够更全面实际地反映食物和营养素的综合效应,从而更有效地研究膳食与人体健康的关系。研究目的本研究旨在了解我国成年居民膳食模式特点及变化,分析膳食模式的影响因素,探讨不同膳食模式对成年居民超重和肥胖的影响。研究内容与方法本研究数据来源于中美合作课题“中国健康与营养调查”。根据研究目的,将研究对象分为两类。第一类包括1991-2009年至少参加一次调查的18～80岁成年居民。采用因子分析方法建立各年居民膳食模式,了解其营养特点及影响因素,并分析膳食模式在18年间的变化。第二类研究对象为参加1993年和2009年2次调查,并有完整数据的调查对象。采用多水平混合效应模型对纵向追踪人群进行分析,探讨不同膳食模式对我国成年居民超重和肥胖的影响。研究结果 1、从1991年到2009年,中国成年居民的超重率和肥胖率显著增长。超重率从16.1%上升到28.0%,增长了73.9%。肥胖率从3.0%上升到7.7%,增长了156.7%。中心性肥胖率从1993年24.2%上升到2009年的44.9%,增长了85.5%。 2、谷类食物主要以大米和面粉消费为主。其中大米摄入量呈下降趋势,面粉摄入量保持平稳略有下降。肉类食物以猪肉和鱼虾类消费为主,摄入量呈上升趋势。薯类摄入量呈上升趋势。豆类摄入量略有下降。速食食品和小吃甜点摄入量从2004年开始呈现快速上升趋势。蔬菜摄入量总体保持稳定,男性摄入量约为350g/d,女性摄入量约为330g/d。水果摄入量呈显著上升趋势。蛋类摄入量呈上升趋势,奶类摄入量呈现波动趋势。 3、成年男性和女性居民有4种共同的膳食模式,分别是以大米、蔬菜和猪肉为主要食物的南方模式,以面粉、其他谷类和薯类为主要食物的北方模式,以奶类、水果和蛋类为主要食物的零食模式以及以速食食品、奶类和小吃甜点为主要食物的速食模式。 4、男性特有的膳食模式是以动物性食物、酒类和坚果为主要食物的酒类模式。女性特有的膳食模式,分别是以畜禽肉和鱼虾类为主要食物的肉类模式,以薯类和其他谷类为主要食物的粗粮模式。 5、1993年到2009年间,男性南方模式、肉类模式和零食模式的相关系数分别为0.62(p0.01)、0.32(p0.01)和0.24(p0.01),女性分别为0.63(p0.01)、0.32(p0.01)和0.05(p0.05)。 6、南方模式、肉类模式和零食模式变异中由社区因素解释的比例男性分别为66%、17%和18%,女性分别为65%、17%和19%。社区因素是南方模式变异的主要部分。年龄、教育程度、收入水平、身体活动水平和吸烟、饮酒是影响膳食模式的个体因素。 7、男性南方模式最高5分位发生超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危险分别是最低5分位的53%和60%。女性南方模式与腰围呈负相关(p0.01)。 8、男性零食模式最高5分位发生超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危险分别是最低5分位的1.66倍和1.88倍。结论 1991-2009年,我国成年居民膳食模式呈现多样化,并且随着时间发生改变。各种膳食模式中,传统膳食模式的长期稳定性相对较高。膳食模式同时受社区、个体和时间等因素的影响。由于食物构成和营养成分的差异,膳食模式对成年居民肥胖的影响不同。以大米、蔬菜和猪肉为主要食物的南方模式,能降低男性发生超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危险性；并与女性腰围呈负相关,是女性腰围的保护因素。零食模式与男性超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖呈正相关,是男性超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危险因素。
[Abstract]:Research background
With the rapid development of economy, Chinese is in the nutrition transition, adult overweight and obesity rate showed a rapid growth trend. The dietary traditional research method is mainly to explore the relationship between single nutrients or food and obesity, have some limitations. The research is on the overall dietary patterns of dietary analysis, can be more comprehensive and practical to reflect the comprehensive effect of food and nutrients, so as to effectively study the relation between diet and health.
research objective
The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and changes of dietary patterns of Chinese adults, analyze the influencing factors of dietary patterns, and explore the effects of different dietary patterns on overweight and obesity in adults.
Research content and method
The data come from the Sino US cooperation project "Chinese health and nutrition survey. According to the research purpose, the research object will be divided into two categories. The first category includes 18~80 1991-2009 years old adult residents participated in at least one investigation. Using the factor analysis method to establish the dietary pattern, understand its nutritional characteristics and influence factors. And analyze the changes in dietary patterns in 18 years. Second the research object for the 1993 and 2009 2 survey respondents, and complete data. By using multilevel mixed effects model for longitudinal population analysis, discuss the influence of different dietary patterns on overweight and obese adults in China.
Research results
1, from 1991 to 2009, the overweight rate and obesity rate of Chinese adults increased significantly. The overweight rate increased from 16.1% to 28%, an increase of 73.9%.. The obesity rate increased from 3% to 7.7%, increasing the 156.7%. central obesity rate from 24.2% in 1993 to 44.9% in 2009, an increase of 85.5%..
2, cereals mainly rice and flour consumption. The rice intake decreased, flour intake remained stable slightly. Meat to pork and fish consumption, intake increased. Potato intake increased. Beans intake decreased slightly. Fast food and snacks intake began a rapid upward trend from 2004. Vegetable intake remained stable overall, male intake is about 350g/d, about 330g/d. women's intake of fruit intake showed a significant increase trend. Egg intake increased, milk intake showed a trend of fluctuation.
3, adult male and female residents there are 4 kinds of common dietary patterns, respectively with rice, vegetables and pork as the main food of the south, with flour and other cereals and potato as the main food of the north, with milk, fruit and eggs as the main food snacks mode and at fast food, milk and snacks dessert is the main food fast food.
4, the male specific dietary pattern is a wine pattern based on animal food, wine and nuts. The unique dietary patterns of females are meat models with livestock, poultry, fish and shrimp as main foods, and coarse grains as main food of potato and other cereals.
From 51993 to 2009, the correlation coefficients of male Southern mode, meat mode and snack mode were 0.62 (P0.01), 0.32 (P0.01) and 0.24 (P0.01) respectively, and the females were 0.63 (P0.01), 0.32 (P0.01) and 0.05 (P0.05), respectively.
6, the pattern of the south, explained by the community factors model and meat snacks pattern variation in the proportion of males were 66%, 17% and 18%, women were 65%, 17% and 19%. is the main part of the southern community factors variation mode. Age, education level, income level, level of physical activity and smoking, drinking is individual factors. Dietary patterns.
7, the highest 5 percentile of male Southern mode is the risk of overweight / obesity and central obesity, which are 53% and 60%. of the lowest 5 percentile, respectively. There is a negative correlation between women's southern pattern and waist circumference (P0.01).
8, the risk of overweight / obesity and central obesity in the highest 5 division of the male snack pattern was 1.66 and 1.88 times as high as the lowest 5.
1991-2009 years, dietary patterns among Chinese adults are diversified, and change over time. Various dietary patterns, the long-term stability of the traditional dietary pattern is relatively high. At the same time by the dietary pattern of individual and community, impact time and other factors. Because the food composition and nutrition differences, effects of dietary patterns on obese adult residents different. In rice, vegetables and pork as the main food of the south, can reduce the risk of male obesity and overweight / obesity center; and negatively correlated with female waist circumference, female waist circumference is a protective factor. Male snacks pattern and overweight / obesity and central obesity was positively related to factors of obesity the risk of obesity and overweight / male center.

【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151.4

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