煤矿井下作业场所环境因素调查

发布时间：2018-03-28 17:55

本文选题：煤矿工人　切入点：环境因素　出处：《环境与健康杂志》2017年09期

【摘要】：目的调查淮南矿业集团煤矿井下作业场所环境因素。方法于2014年4—9月,采用粉尘采样器采集淮南矿区2个煤矿,每个煤矿9个采样点,计算作业场所短时间接触容许浓度(permissible concentration-short term exposure limit,PCSTEL)和时间加权平均呼吸性粉尘浓度(permissible concentration-time weighted average,PC-TWA),以焦磷酸质量法测定煤矿粉尘中游离SiO_2含量,以原子吸收光谱法测定粉尘中主要金属与类金属元素含量,以撞击式空气微生物采样法进行矿井作业环境中细菌和霉菌检测。结果两矿井下环境粉尘样品中分别有42.59%(23/54)和50.00%(27/54)的PCSTEL超过国标限值,有27.78%(15/54)和25.93%(14/54)的PC-TWA超过国标限值。游离SiO_2含量平均为13.28%,其中与掘进相关的作业场所SiO_2含量较高(10%),而其他粉尘中含量10%;岩巷作业场所粉尘中游离SiO_2含量高于其他采样点,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。粉尘样品中8种金属与类金属元素的含量合计占总粉尘的1.98%,其中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cd和As含量分别为(25.68±7.24)、(37.21±8.16)、(64.85±36.97)、(611.80±70.34)、(30.15±10.95)、(106.84±38.68)、(2.31±1.65)、(3.18±1.70)μg/g。矿井作业场所空气中细菌和真菌浓度分别占微生物总浓度的73.81%和26.19%,细菌浓度明显高于真菌,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。细菌以G+球菌和G+杆菌为主,G+球菌主要是葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和微球菌属(Micrococcus),G+杆菌以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)为主;真菌主要为曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)。结论淮南矿区井下作业场所粉尘污染严重,作业场所空气中细菌浓度高于真菌。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the environmental factors of underground working place in Huainan Mining Group. Methods from April to September 2014, dust sampler was used to collect 2 coal mines in Huainan mining area, 9 sampling sites in each coal mine. The allowable concentration-short term exposure limit PCSTELL and the time-weighted average respiratory dust concentration were calculated. The content of free SiO_2 in coal mine dust was determined by pyrophosphate method. Determination of main Metals and Metallic elements in Dust by Atomic absorption Spectrometry, Bacteria and mold in mine working environment were detected by percussive air microorganism sampling method. Results the PCSTEL of dust samples in the two underground environments exceeded the national standard limit by 42.5910 / 54) and 50.000 / 27 / 54, respectively. The PC-TWA of 27.7875% 54 and 25.93% 14% 54) exceeded the national standard limit. The average free SiO_2 content was 13.28, in which the SiO_2 content in the work sites related to tunneling was higher than that in other dust samples. The content of free SiO_2 in rock roadway work sites was higher than that in other sampling sites. The total content of 8 metals and metal-like elements in dust samples accounted for 1.98% of the total dust. The contents of CD and as in FeCuCuZZn-PbPbPbPbNU and as were 25.68 卤7.24, respectively. The concentrations of bacteria and fungi in the air of mine work were 37.21 卤8.16, 64.85 卤36.97 卤30.15 卤10.95, 2.31 卤1.65 and 3.18 卤1.70 渭 g / g, respectively, and the concentrations of bacteria and fungi in the air of mine work sites accounted for 3.18 卤1.70 渭 g / g respectively. The bacterial concentration of 73.81% and 26.19% was significantly higher than that of fungi. The main bacteria were G coccus and G bacilli, mainly Staphylococcus Staphylococcus and Micrococcus micrococcus, Bacillus spp. The main fungi are Aspergillus and Penicillium. Conclusion the dust pollution in the underground working place of Huainan mining area is serious and the concentration of bacteria in the air is higher than that of fungi.
【作者单位】：淮南职业技术学院能源工程系;安徽理工大学医学检验技术系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81270091) 安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2016A210) 2015年安徽理工大学博士基金项目(11740)
【分类号】：R134.4

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