甲型H1N1流感流行期间西安居民的应对行为及变化趋势

发布时间：2018-03-31 00:39

本文选题：H1N1　切入点：应对行为　出处：《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的分析甲型H1N1流感流行期间公众应对行为、知识、态度的变化趋势，了解流感防护行为的影响因素，为制定流感防控策略提供依据。方法在甲型H1N1流感流行期间，按照分阶段按容量比例概率抽样法在西安市进行六次电话调查，收集数据并用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库，用SPSS13.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 1.关于卫生保护行为：“咳嗽或打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻”、“从外面到家后洗手”、“洗手时用肥皂/洗手液”实施率较高，分别为92.0%、98.2%、97.9%，在整个调查期间始终保持稳定（P0.05）。关于预防措施：“购买、储备流感预防药物”上升趋势明显，从51.4%上升到66.5%，有统计学意义（P0.05）。“避免/减少去人群拥挤的场所”、“加强室内通风”实施率分别为65.3%、89.2%，在整个调查期间保持稳定(P0.05)，变化不大。关于接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗，第一次至第四次调查期间，疫苗接种率从11.9%降至4.5%，但在第五次、第六次调查期间又有所提高，整个趋势没有统计学意义（P0.05）。 2.关于甲型H1N1流感的传播途径，公众对“咳嗽、打喷嚏”、“面对面交谈”的认知程度较高，正确率分别为84.2%、72.1%，在整个调查期间始终保持稳定(P0.05)；而公众对“间接手接触（如，通过门把手）”认知程度最低，仅为29.8%,在调查期间保持稳定（P0.05）。关于H1N1流感疫苗，公众对我国的“甲流疫苗免费接种政策”认知程度较高，认知率为80.2%，在整个调查期间呈上升趋势（P0.05）；公众对“甲流疫苗优先接种政策”认知率也有较高，为80.2%，在整个调查期间呈上升趋势（第三次调查83.5%，第四次调查85.0%，第五次调查85.0%，P0.05）。 3.有52.5%的公众认为“甲型H1N1流感疫情影响生活”，，在整个调查期间保持稳定趋势；“担心患甲型H1N1流感”的比例不高，占31.9%，调查期间保持稳定趋势（P0.05）；表示“支持甲流疫苗优先接种政策”的公众比例最高，占95.4%，调查期间保持稳定（P0.05）；63.4%的公众表示“不担心甲流疫苗的异常反应”调查期间保持稳定（P0.05）。 4.知识、行为、态度三者之间均呈弱相关。知识与行为之间偏相关系数r=0.173, P0.001；态度与行为之间偏相关系数r=0.238, P0.001；知识与态度之间偏相关系数r=0.090, P=0.002。 5. Logistic回归分析结果显示，影响公众实施甲型H1N1流感卫生保护行为的因素有性别（OR=0.468,95%CI:0.371~0.590）、甲型H1N1流感的影响（OR=1.707,95%CI:1.358~2.145）、是否担心患甲型H1N1流感（OR=1.498,95%CI:1.175~1.910）；影响公众实施甲型H1N1流感预防措施的因素有年龄（OR=0.635,95%CI:0.486~0.831）、性别（OR=0.753,95%CI:0.598~0.950）、文化程度（OR=1.289,95%CI:1.007~1.648）、相关知识（OR=1.557,95%CI:1.164~2.083）、甲型H1N1流感的影响（OR=1.615,95%CI:1.281~2.035）、是否担心患甲型H1N1流感（OR=1.614,95%CI:1.251~2.084）。结论在甲型H1N1流感流行期间，公众的应对行为、知识变化总体呈上升趋势，相关态度变化不大。公众的行为、知识、态度三者之间具有相关性。性别、文化程度、知识水平、态度等影响公众的应对行为。当前防控策略在应对甲型H1N1流感起到了积极的作用。
[Abstract]:Purpose

To analyze the trends of public response , knowledge and attitude during the influenza A / H1N1 influenza pandemic , to understand the influencing factors of influenza protection , and to provide the basis for the development of influenza control strategy .

method

During the influenza A / H1N1 influenza pandemic , six telephone surveys were conducted in Xi ' an City according to the sampling method by volume ratio , and the data was collected and the database was established by Epidata3.1 software , and the data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 .

Results

1 . With regard to sanitary protection behavior : " mask mouth nose " , " washing hands from outside to home " , " washing hands from outside " , " washing hands with soap / hand washing liquid " , the rate of the whole investigation remained stable ( P0.05 ) . With regard to preventive measures : " buying , storing influenza prevention drugs " , the rate of vaccination increased from 51.4 % to 66.5 % , respectively ( P0.05 ) . In the fifth and fourth surveys , the vaccination rate was increased from 11.9 % to 4.5 % , but the overall trend was not statistically significant ( P0.05 ) .

2 . With regard to the route of influenza A ( H1N1 ) , the public awareness of " cough , neezing " and " face - to - face conversation " was higher , the accuracy rate was 84.2 % and 72.1 % , respectively , and remained stable throughout the investigation ( P0.05 ) ;
The public awareness of " indirect hand contact ( e.g . , through the door handle ) " was the lowest , only 29 . 8 % , which remained stable during the investigation ( P0.05 ) . With the H1N1 influenza vaccine , the public awareness of the " free vaccination policy of influenza A vaccine " in our country was higher , the cognitive rate was 80.2 % , and the trend was increased throughout the investigation ( P0.05 ) ;
The public awareness of the priority vaccination policy for the " H1N1 vaccine " was also high , to 80.2 per cent , to an upward trend throughout the survey ( 83.5 per cent in the third survey , 85.0 per cent in the fourth survey , and 85.0 per cent in the fifth survey , P0.05 ) .

3 . 52.5 per cent of the public believe that the " H1N1 influenza pandemic affects life " and remains stable throughout the survey ;
The proportion of " fear of influenza A / H1N1 " was not high , accounting for 31.9 % , and remained stable during the investigation ( P0.05 ) .
The highest proportion of the public expressing " preferential vaccination policy in support of influenza A vaccine " ( 95.4 % ) remained stable during the investigation ( P0.05 ) ;
63.4 % of the public expressed " no fear of the abnormal response of the H1N1 vaccine " ( P0.05 ) .

4 . There was a weak correlation between knowledge , behavior and attitude . The correlation coefficient between knowledge and behavior was r = 0.173 , P0.001 ;
The correlation coefficient between attitude and behavior was r = 0.238 , P0.001 ;
The correlation coefficient between knowledge and attitude is r = 0.090 , P = 0.002 .

5 . Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the public health protection behavior of influenza A ( H1N1 ) were gender ( OR = 0.468 , 95 % CI : 0.371 - 0.590 ) and influenza A ( OR = 1.707 , 95 % CI : 1.358 - 2.145 ) , and whether influenza A / H1N1 ( OR = 1.498 , 95 % CI : 1.175 ~ 1.910 ) was concerned .
Age ( OR = 0.635 , 95 % CI : 0.486 - 0.831 ) , sex ( OR = 0.753 , 95 % CI : 1.007 ~ 1.648 ) , the influence of related knowledge ( OR = 1.557 , 95 % CI : 1.281 - 2.035 ) , and whether influenza A / H1N1 ( OR = 1.614 , 95 % CI : 1.251 ~ 2.084 ) was concerned .

Conclusion

During the influenza A / H1N1 influenza pandemic , the public ' s response behavior , the change of knowledge generally increased , and the related attitudes changed little . Public behavior , knowledge and attitude had a correlation . Gender , culture , knowledge level , attitude , etc . affect the public ' s response . The current control strategy has played a positive role in coping with influenza A ( H1N1 ) influenza .

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R181.3;R511.7

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