杭州市拱墅区涉苯企业职业危害现状及防控对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 14:03

本文选题：苯中毒　切入点：职业卫生　出处：《杭州师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：通过调查,了解杭州市拱墅区涉苯企业职业卫生现状,分析职业危害的影响因素,并对员工健康风险进行评估。结合《职业病防治法》,提出改善职业卫生工作的建议。方法：采用普查的方法,利用自行设计的问卷分别调查杭州市拱墅区135家涉苯企业职业卫生负责人和1469名接苯员工；在分析接苯与否对相关健康指标的影响时,选取不接触苯的行政、后勤工作人员作为参照组；采用美国EPA吸入风险评价法来半定量评估接苯员工的致癌和非致癌风险。结果：1.涉苯企业以中小型私营企业为主,主要分布在汽修、印刷、电子、化工四大行业；接苯员工以年轻男性为主,且多为外来务工人员2.涉苯工序已经对接触者造成实质性损害,女性是弱势群体；大部分企业苯浓度达标,但印刷行业堪忧；3.企业职业卫生管理工作基础较好,基本职业卫生服务覆盖率较高：职业危害告知率相对较高,员工职业危害知晓情况较好,但员工防毒口罩佩戴率较低(58%)、职业健康检查率偏低(68.9%)。4.健康风险评价结果显示,94.3%的接苯员工均有白细胞降低风险,其中,13.4%的员工有较高的苯所致白血病风险。结论：辖区构建了比较完善苯中毒的防控体系,涉苯职业危害相对较轻,但仍有不足之处,宏观层面,需进一步完善《职业病防治法》,制定地方性法规和管理办法,加强职业卫生监督执法力度；发挥工会、协会等非政府力量的作用,探索适合区域经济规模和结构的职业卫生监管和服务模式；在健康监护的基础上开展健康风险评估。微观层面,应当鼓励使用无毒溶剂替代含苯原料、加强苯原料的流通管理、强化职业卫生培训,增强员工自我保健意识、对重点行业和人群进行专项监管。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the present situation of occupational health of benzene enterprises in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City, analyze the influencing factors of occupational hazards, and evaluate the health risks of employees. Combined with the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, some suggestions were put forward to improve the work of occupational health. Methods: by means of general survey and self-designed questionnaire, the occupational health officials and 1469 workers of 135 benzene related enterprises in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City were investigated, and the influence of benzene exposure on related health indexes was analyzed. The non-exposed administrative and logistic staff were selected as reference group, and the risk of carcinogenesis and non-carcinogenesis of benzene-exposed workers were evaluated semi-quantitatively by EPA inhalation risk assessment method in the United States. Results 1. The enterprises involved in benzene were mainly small and medium-sized private enterprises, mainly in automobile repair, printing, electronics and chemical industry. Most of them are migrant workers 2.The benzene-related process has caused substantial damage to the contacts, and the female is a weak group; most enterprises have reached the standard of benzene concentration, but the printing industry is worried about 3.The foundation of occupational health management in enterprises is good. The coverage of basic occupational health services is high: the rate of occupational hazard notification is relatively high, and the awareness of occupational hazards among employees is better. However, the wearing rate of respirator was lower and the occupational health examination rate was lower than 68.9%. The results of health risk evaluation showed that 94.3% of the workers exposed to benzene had leukocyte reduction risk, and 13.4% of them had higher risk of benzene induced leukemia. Conclusion: the prevention and control system of benzene poisoning has been set up in the area of jurisdiction, the occupational hazards involved in benzene are relatively light, but there are still some deficiencies. At the macro level, it is necessary to further improve the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and formulate local laws and regulations and management measures. Strengthening the supervision and enforcement of occupational health, giving full play to the role of non-governmental forces such as trade unions and associations, and exploring the occupational health supervision and service model suitable for the scale and structure of regional economy; Health risk assessment should be carried out on the basis of health monitoring. At the micro level, the use of non-toxic solvents should be encouraged to replace benzene-containing raw materials, to strengthen the circulation management of benzene raw materials, to strengthen occupational health training, and to enhance the awareness of self-care of employees. Special supervision of key industries and people.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R13

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