上海市市区成年吸烟者尝试戒烟行为及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:36

本文选题：吸烟者　切入点：成年　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：[研究背景] 吸烟危害是当今严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前,全球有11亿吸烟者,全世界每年因吸烟死亡的人数高达600万,其中吸烟者死亡约540万,因二手烟暴露所造成的非吸烟者死亡人数约为60万。我国是世界上最大的烟草生产国和消费国,2007年,我国吸烟者3.5亿人,吸烟率为30.3%,7.38亿不吸烟的中国人遭受二手烟的危害,每年因吸烟相关疾病所致死亡人数超过100万。2010年,上海市居民的吸烟率为28.6%,被动吸烟率达26.5%。多方的科学证据已总结出：世界八大死因中,烟草使用是其中六个死因的危险因素,也是当今世界上最可预防的死因。吸烟者成瘾的减除,即戒烟,是21世纪中叶以前减少吸烟有关死亡的最有效途径。然而,吸烟是一种复杂的药物滥用行为。在我国的吸烟者中,有戒烟打算的吸烟者占38.8%,但是,最后能够成功戒烟者的比例仅为10.7%。上海吸烟者的戒烟成功率仅为12.9%。同时,提供戒烟服务的成本很高,倘若给每一位吸烟者提供戒烟的帮助,将是一笔很大的开支,对于目前极为有限的卫生经费而言,可行性很差。 2009年,美国加州大学医学院提出了有关“尝试戒烟”的相关理论,即：提高“尝试戒烟率”比提高“戒烟成功率”,更能提升整体的“戒烟率”,戒烟者在没有使用任何戒烟协助的情况下,平均戒烟14次可戒烟成功。因此,倘若能够以人口层面为基础,增加尝试戒烟的烟民数目来改善总体戒烟率,比提供帮助予每一位吸烟者去戒烟更为经济可行,更具有延续性。上海从上世纪90年代开始重视控烟工作,但是针对尝试戒烟行为的研究不多。本课题旨在为本市控烟工作提供一个新的思路,为本市的控烟决策者提供理论基础。 [目的] 了解上海市市区成年吸烟者尝试戒烟的情况,并进一步探讨上海市市区成年吸烟者尝试戒烟行为的影响因素。 [方法] 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,在上海市市区抽取800名成年吸烟者进行调查,采用入户调查的方式,对调查对象进行一对一的问卷调查。 [结果] 共737名上海市市区成年吸烟者参与调查,其中男性720人,女性17人。成年吸烟者的尝试戒烟率为13.0%(男性为12.5%,女性为31.0%)。单因素分析结果显示,与尝试戒烟行为有关的因素为：性别、年龄、尼古丁依赖程度、吸烟知识的掌握情况、个人对吸烟的总体看法、听说过戒烟产品、戒烟打算、认为戒烟对健康有收益、家庭室内禁烟规定、过去一年中朋友的戒烟情况(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、戒烟打算、家庭室内禁烟规定、过去一年中朋友的戒烟情况是吸烟者尝试戒烟行为的影响因素,而性别、尼古丁依赖程度、吸烟知识的掌握情况、个人对吸烟的总体看法、认为戒烟对健康有收益未进入回归模型。比较容易尝试戒烟的成年吸烟者的特征为：年纪较轻,对6个月的戒烟成功“有信心”,打算在30天内戒烟、家中室内完全禁烟、过去一年中身边的朋友中有人戒烟。 [结论] 上海市市区成年吸烟者的尝试戒烟率比较低,应采取针对性的措施促进吸烟者尝试戒烟。可以根据尝试戒烟行为影响因素的特征,对吸烟者进行有针对性、有目的性的干预活动,从而促进吸烟者的尝试戒烟行为以提高总体戒烟率。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Smoking is one of the most serious public health problems . At present , there are 1.1 billion smokers worldwide . The number of smokers dying every year is about 6 million . The number of non - smokers killed by smoke exposure is about 600,000 . China is the world ' s largest producer of tobacco - producing countries and consumer countries . In 2007 , the number of smokers killed by smoke - related diseases exceeded 1 million . In 2010 , the number of deaths caused by smoking - related diseases exceeded 1 million . In 2010 , the rate of smoking in Shanghai residents was 28.6 % , and the passive smoking rate was 26.5 % .

Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of smoking in the world . Smoking is the most effective way to reduce smoking in the world today . However , smoking is a complex drug abuse . However , smoking is a complex drug abuse behavior . In our country , smoking cessation is only 10.7 % . In the meantime , smoking cessation services are at a very high cost .

In 2009 , the U . S . University of California School of Medicine put forward the relevant theories about " trying to quit smoking " , that is , to improve the " smoking cessation rate " than to improve the " smoking cessation rate " , and to improve the overall " smoking cessation rate " . Therefore , if you can improve the overall smoking cessation rate by increasing the number of smokers who try to quit smoking on the basis of the population level , it is more economical and feasible to increase the number of smokers who try to quit smoking , which is more economical and feasible than the provision of help to every smoker .

Shanghai has attached great importance to the tobacco control work since the 1990s , but there is not much research on trying to quit smoking . The purpose of this project is to provide a new idea for our city ' s tobacco control work , and to provide theoretical basis for the city ' s tobacco control policy makers .

Purpose of the project

To understand the situation of smoking cessation among adult smokers in urban areas of Shanghai , and further study the influence factors of adult smokers ' attempts to quit smoking .

Methodology

Using multi - stage random sampling method , 800 adult smokers were surveyed in the urban area of Shanghai , and a one - to - one questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the subjects in the way of household survey .

The result is not valid .

A total of 737 adult smokers participated in the survey , of which 720 men and 17 women were male . The rate of smoking cessation was 13.0 % for adult smokers ( 12.5 % for males and 31.0 % for females ) . The results of single factor analysis showed that the factors related to smoking cessation were sex , age , nicotine dependence , smoking knowledge , smoking knowledge , smoking cessation , smoking cessation , smoking cessation , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking

Conclusion

According to the characteristics of the influencing factors of smoking cessation , targeted and targeted interventions can be carried out to smokers , so as to promote the smokers ' attempts to quit smoking to improve the overall smoking cessation rate .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R163

【参考文献】