0-1岁婴儿动作发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 10:31

本文选题：0-1岁婴儿 + 动作发展　；参考：《山西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今社会,随着人们物质生活水平的日益提高,很多家长把目光投向了孩子的教育。尤其是近年来,80后一代为人父母,更是逐渐认识到了早期教育的重要性。早教机构蓬勃发展,胎教育儿理念不断先进,但不可忽视的是很多家长对早教的认识仅仅停留在开发智力等领域,而对婴幼儿的动作发展的认识还存在诸多误区。婴幼儿祖辈(当前照顾婴幼儿的重要力量)的早教理念停滞,直接影响孩子的成长。祖辈大多认为孩子不出危险,安全就好,身体健康不生病就好,因而不会积极引导孩子动作发展。家长普遍对婴儿动作发展的认识不全面。他们很重视发展婴儿的头部动作、翻身、爬行这三类动作,对站、走、蹲等使用下肢力量频繁的动作不太重视,对婴儿的精细动作了解不多,不知如何帮助婴儿进行练习。对母乳喂养不够重视导致婴幼儿体质减弱。很多父母忽视母乳喂养,导致婴儿体质下降、免疫力低下,经常性患有各种或大或小的疾病,影响动作的发展。适合中国婴儿动作发展的常模缺乏。国外用来检测正常儿童标准化年龄的量表需要有专业素养的主试,需要被试出一定的费用购买,需要特定的环境。对于没有儿童心理学知识背景的普通家长来说,这类量表不能满足他们的需要。而国内的评测工具也只是20世纪70年代末研究制定的,很多指标也不能体现当今婴幼儿动作发展的真实情况。鉴于上述种种不足,本研究特编制了一份0-1岁婴儿动作发展的评估记录表,给予广大家长更多、更详实、更方便、易操作的参考。本研究选取44名不同地区的2011年左右出生的0-1岁婴儿为被试,采用访谈法、个案追踪法和问卷调查法,进行为时一年的追踪。其中,重点选取6名进行个案追踪观察,每月观察1-2次,每次10分钟,运用拍照、录像等记录方式,详细记录这6名婴儿的动作行为的发生过程。最终形成一份《0-1岁婴儿大运动动作、精细动作发展评估记录表》,共两部分,11个大项目,165个具体指标。结论如下： 1.通过研究发现,民间百姓对0-1岁婴儿的“二抬头、三翻、六坐、七滚、八爬、十站、周岁走”说法一致。只是部分细节项目上有出入,见表3.6和3.8。 2.与30年前(20世纪70年代末)的研究(天津调查和中科院心理研究所)比较可知,大运动动作(共37项)有20项提前,2项落后,15项一致。精细动作(共21项)有9项提前,4项落后,8项一致。见表3.7和3.9。 3.编制一份《0-1岁婴儿大运动动作、精细动作发展评估记录表》,见附录1。 4.影响婴儿大运动和精细动作发展明显的因素有遗传、父母的性格、家庭氛围、养育观念、家庭物质环境与婴儿自身的练习、成人对子女的训练、成人对婴儿掌握操作事物技能的关注度和激发度、处理突发事件的心态等.
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the improvement of people's material life, many parents turn their attention to the education of their children. Especially in recent years, the post-80s generation of parents, but also gradually recognized the importance of early education. The institutions of early education are booming, and the conception of fetal education is constantly advanced, but it can not be ignored that many parents' understanding of early education is only in the field of developing intelligence, but there are still many misunderstandings about the development of infants' actions. The concept of early education of infant ancestors (currently an important force to take care of infants) is stagnant, which directly affects the growth of children. Most of the ancestors think that children are safe, safe and healthy, so they do not actively guide the development of children's movements. Parents generally do not have a comprehensive understanding of infant movement development. They attach great importance to the development of the baby's head movements, turn over, crawl these three movements, to stand, walk, squat and so on the use of lower extremity strength frequent movement, not much attention to the baby's fine movements, do not know how to help the baby to practice. Inadequate attention to breast-feeding leads to a weakened constitution of infants and young children. Many parents ignore breast-feeding, resulting in a decline in infant health, low immunity, often suffering from a variety of large or small diseases, affecting the development of movement. Lack of norm for infant movement development in China. The scale used to measure the standardized age of normal children requires a professional test, a certain cost to be tested, and a specific environment. For parents with no knowledge of child psychology, the scale does not meet their needs. The domestic evaluation tools are only developed in the late 1970s, and many indicators can not reflect the true situation of the development of infant movements. In view of the above shortcomings, this study has compiled an evaluation record for the development of 0-1 year old infants' movements, which provides more, more detailed, more convenient and easy reference for parents. In this study, 44 infants aged 0-1 were selected from different regions in 2011. Interviews, case tracking and questionnaire survey were used to follow up for one year. Among them, 6 cases were selected to be followed up and observed 1-2 times a month for 10 minutes each time. The action behavior of the 6 infants was recorded in detail by taking pictures and video recording. Finally, a < 0-1 year old infant's big movement and fine movement development evaluation record was formed, which consists of two parts, 11 big items and 165 specific indexes. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Through the research, the folk people to 0-1 year old baby "two rise, three turn over, six sit, seven roll, eight climb, ten stops, one year walk" the saying is consistent. There are only some discrepancies in detail, as shown in tables 3. 6 and 3. 8. 2. Compared with the research conducted 30 years ago in the late 1970s (Tianjin investigation and Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences), it is found that there are 20 major sports movements (37 items in total) and 15 items in advance. There were 9 fine movements (21 items in total), 4 items in advance and 8 items in agreement. See tables 3.7 and 3.9. 3. Develop a < 0-1-year-old infant's big movement, fine movement development evaluation record, see Appendix 1. 4. The obvious factors that influence the development of infant's big movement and fine movement are heredity, parents' character, family atmosphere, parenting concept, family material environment and infant's own practice, adult training for children, Adults pay attention to and motivate infants to master the skills of manipulating things, and the attitude of dealing with unexpected events, etc.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R174

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