基准剂量法在职业铅接触与健康损害的剂量—反应关系研究中应用

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:39

本文选题：基准剂量 + 铅接触　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]通过回顾性队列调查,初步探讨某铅锌冶炼企业工人的铅累计接触剂量与铅中毒以及血铅、尿铅和血锌卟啉等有关指标异常的剂量-反应关系,为作业场所空气铅卫生标准的修订和职业性慢性铅中毒的防治提供参考依据。 [方法]选择某铅锌冶炼企业自1988年1月1日至2008年12月31日接触铅的职工为研究对象,回顾性调查每年职业病体检资料和车间空气铅监测资料。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法或双硫腙法测定血液和空气中铅的含量,血液荧光法测定血锌原卟啉,紫外荧光法测定尿粪卟啉。所有数据用SPSS统计分析铅中毒发生率、血铅和尿铅及血锌卟啉异常率,以及各项指标相关性。采用BMD Version2.2.1软件计算基准剂量(BMD)和BMD的95%可信区间下限(BMDL),并描绘其剂量反应关系曲线图,计算控制铅中毒和血铅、尿铅及血锌卟啉异常的空气铅浓度基准剂量。 [结果]在接触铅尘(烟)的累计剂量与各效应指标相关分析中,累计剂量与血铅、尿铅、血锌卟啉之间均存在正相关,其相关程度依次为血铅尿铅血锌卟啉；尿铅、血铅、血锌卟啉两两之间存在正相关,密切程度依次为血铅-血锌卟啉血铅-尿铅血锌卟啉-尿铅；尿粪卟啉与血锌卟啉、尿铅存在正相关,其密切程度依次为血锌卟啉尿铅。铅中毒发生率、血铅和尿铅及血锌卟啉异常率随铅尘(烟)接触剂量的增加而升高,存在剂量反应关系,经趋势卡方检验差异有统计学意义(p0.001)。铅尘接触组的铅中毒、血锌卟啉、血铅、尿铅的BMDL值依次为0.0228mg/m3、0.0434mg/m3、0.0580mg/m3、0.0017mg/m3,铅烟接触组的铅中毒、血锌卟啉、血铅的BMDL值依次为0.0100mg/m3、0.0174mg/m3、0.0148mg/m3。铅中毒BMDL值为0.0228mg/m3(尘)、0.0100mg/m3(烟),比我国现行铅尘(烟)的卫生标准(TWA)略低。 [结论]①累计接触剂量可作为铅作业工人较好的接触指标,血铅、血锌卟啉可以反映接触剂量的效应指标。②控制铅中毒发生的BMDL值为：0.0228mg/M3(铅尘)；0.0100mg/M3(铅烟),提示在现有的国家卫生标准下铅接触作业仍可能导致铅中毒的发生。③基准剂量法用于人群蓄积性化学毒物接触与生物效应的剂量-反应关系研究是合适的,其结果可作为这类化学物制定职业接触限值的重要依据。
[Abstract]:[objective] by retrospective cohort investigation, the dose-response relationship of cumulative exposure dose of lead to lead poisoning, blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin in workers of a certain lead-zinc smelting enterprise was preliminarily studied. To provide reference for revision of hygienic standard of lead in air and prevention and treatment of occupational chronic lead poisoning. [methods] the workers exposed to lead from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 2008 in a lead-zinc smelting enterprise were selected as the research objects. The data of annual occupational disease medical examination and air lead monitoring in the workshop were retrospectively investigated. The contents of lead in blood and air were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or dithizone method. Blood zinc protoporphyrin was determined by blood fluorescence method and urine fecal porphyrin was determined by ultraviolet fluorescence method. The incidence of lead poisoning, the abnormal rate of blood lead, urine lead and zinc porphyrin, and the correlation of various indexes were analyzed by SPSS. BMD Version2.2.1 software was used to calculate the lower limit of 95% confidence interval (BMD) and the 95% confidence interval of BMD. The curve of dose-response relationship was described, and the reference dose of air lead concentration for controlling lead poisoning and abnormal blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin was calculated. [results] in the correlation analysis between the accumulative dose of exposure to lead dust (smoke) and each effect index, there was a positive correlation between accumulative dose and blood lead, urine lead, blood zinc porphyrin, the correlation degree was blood lead urine lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine lead, blood lead, There is a positive correlation between blood zinc porphyrin and urine zinc porphyrin, the close degree is blood lead, blood zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, blood zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin, urine zinc porphyrin and urine zinc porphyrin. The incidence of lead poisoning, the abnormal rate of blood lead, urine lead and blood zinc porphyrin increased with the increase of exposure dose of lead dust (smoke). The BMDL value of lead poisoning was 0.0228mg / m3, which was slightly lower than that of the current hygienic standard of lead dust (smoke) in China. [conclusion] 1 the accumulative exposure dose can be used as a better exposure index for workers exposed to lead. Blood zinc porphyrin can reflect the effect index of exposure dose. 2. The BMDL value of controlling lead poisoning is: 0. 0228 mg / M 3 (lead dust 0.0100 mg / M 3), indicating that lead exposure can still lead to lead poisoning under the existing national health standards. Dose method is suitable for the study of dose-response relationship between accumulative chemical toxicant exposure and biological effects. The results can be used as an important basis for the establishment of occupational exposure limits for these chemicals.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R131

【参考文献】