饮用水中常见几种微量元素的测定

发布时间：2018-04-21 20:09

本文选题：饮用水 + 有害金属元素　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是人类最宝贵的自然资源,是人类赖以生存的最重要的物质之一。自20世纪以来,随着各地工业化进程的加快,人类数量的增长、社会的加速进步、经济的高速发展,可饮用淡水资源遭受的污染也日渐加剧。日常生活饮用水的安全受到严重的威胁。饮用水的卫生安全关乎着社会的繁荣稳定、国家的长治久安以及广大人民群众的身体健康。对饮用水中的有害物质进行普查,具有十分重大的实际意义。同时它与我们的日常生活息息相关,是具有深远意义的惠民工程。但由于多种因素,绝大多数中小城市仍在使用容量法测定水中的有害物质。因此,对这些测定方法加以改进,是十分有必要的。本文阐述了水中会危害人类健康的几种有害金属元素、钙离子、镁离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、氟离子的来源;有害金属元素对人们日常生产生活造成的危害;目前人们采用的简单有效的样品处理方法;以及用原子吸收分光光度法测定镉、锰、铅,原子荧光光谱法测定汞、砷水中危害人类健康的有害金属离子;用乙二胺四乙酸二钠滴定法测定总硬度;用硝酸银滴定法测定氯离子;用a-萘胺目视比色法测定亚硝酸根离子和用茜素磺酸锆目视比色法测定氟离子。在本文中,着重说明了对某些原有测定方法做出的一些改进,以便能避免干扰,快速准确的对饮用水中的有害物质进行测定,得到准确的测定结果,以满足水质检测的需求。本文研究内容为水中有害物质的普查提供可靠参考数据,为创造人类更优质、更健康的生活环境提供可靠信息。
[Abstract]:Water is one of the most precious natural resources and one of the most important materials for human survival. Since the 20th century, with the acceleration of industrialization, the increase of human quantity, the rapid progress of society and the rapid development of economy, the pollution of potable freshwater resources has been intensified day by day. The safety of daily drinking water is seriously threatened. The sanitation and safety of drinking water is related to the prosperity and stability of the society, the long-term stability of the country and the health of the people. It is of great practical significance to survey the harmful substances in drinking water. At the same time, it is closely related to our daily life, is a far-reaching benefit to the people project. However, because of various factors, most small and medium-sized cities are still using volumetric method to determine harmful substances in water. Therefore, it is necessary to improve these methods. In this paper, the sources of several harmful metal elements, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chloride ion, nitrite ion, fluorine ion, which will endanger human health in water, are described, and the harm of harmful metal elements to people's daily production and life is also discussed. At present, simple and effective sample treatment methods are used, and cadmium, manganese, lead, atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) are used for the determination of harmful metal ions harmful to human health in arsenic and arsenic water. The total hardness was determined by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium titration, chloride ion was determined by silver nitrate titration, nitrite ion was determined by a- naphthylamine visual colorimetry and fluorine ion was determined by alizarin zirconium sulfonate visual colorimetry. In this paper, some improvements made to some original methods are emphasized in order to avoid interference, to quickly and accurately determine harmful substances in drinking water, and to obtain accurate results to meet the requirements of water quality detection. This study provides reliable reference data for the survey of harmful substances in water and reliable information for creating a better and healthier living environment for human beings.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R123.1;O657.3

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