深圳市宝安区沙井街道基本职业卫生服务现状分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 06:31

本文选题：职业卫生 + 基本职业卫生服务　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解现阶段宝安区沙井街道基本职业卫生服务的情况,为进一步做好辖区内职业病防制工作和完善基本职业卫生服务提供参考。方法：深圳市宝安区沙井街道作为全国65个基本职业卫生服务试点县(区),于2011年7月-10月进行了全国职业健康状况重点调查。调查内容主要为辖区内职业危害情况、用人单位的职业健康监护及职业卫生管理情况等。本研究选取沙井街道现有的381家存在职业病危害企业及企业内接触职业病危害因素的劳动者作为研究对象。采用构成比、频率等指标描述深圳市宝安区沙井街道基本职业卫生服务现状,并进行统计分析。两组或多组资料的构成比和率的比较采用χ2检验进行统计推断,如无特殊说明,检验水准α=0.05,采用SPSS13.0完成所有的统计分析。结果： 1.沙井街道存在职业病危害的企业有381个(占企业总数15。57%),职工总数约23.07万。其中大、中、小型企业分别为25个、154个、202个,涉及的行业主要有电子、塑胶、五金、印刷等,主要的职业病危害因素为苯系物、正己烷、三氯乙烯、噪声、粉尘、强酸强碱等。 2.职业病危害因素应监测点数为2626个,实际监测点2626个,监测率为100%,监测合格率为78.75%,其中大规模企业的合格率最高。 3.上岗前、在岗期间、离岗时的体检率分别为97.33%、92.12%、78.93%,职业禁忌证检出率分别为1.09%、1.23%、0.05%,疑似职业病的检出率分别为0.09%、0.39%和0.35%、确诊的职业病[46]检出率为0.00%、0.05%、0.00%。 4.企业中职业人员劳动合同的签订率和工伤保险的参保率分别为99.74%和99.59%。89.23%的企业劳动合同中包含了劳动条件和职业病危害防护内容。 5.73.75%的企业建立了职业卫生管理制度,有69.55%的企业设置或指定了职业卫生部门,且80.31%的企业配置了专职或兼职的职业卫生管理人员,93.96%的企业制定了职业卫生教育和培训计划。 6.个人防护用品发放和使用制度的建立比例最高(94.23%),职业病危害防护措施管理制度(79.29%)和职业健康检查制度(77.69%)的建立比例次之。 7.此外,有90.29%的企业对存在或产生职业病危害因素的岗位设置了警示标示。结论： 1.深圳市宝安区沙井街道开展的基本职业卫生服务对预防和控制职业危害起到了作用。 2.辖区内存在职业病危害的企业职业病危害因素监测率及监测合格率均较高,但噪声危害企业的监测还需加强。 3.接触职业危害人员在岗期间以及离岗时的健康检查工作还需要进一步的完善,尤其是噪声和化学毒物接触者。 4.用人单位应加大企业内职业卫生部门的投入和加强职业卫生人员的队伍建设。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the situation of basic occupational health service in Shajing street in Baoan district at present so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of occupational disease and the improvement of basic occupational health service in Baoan district. Methods: the Shajing street in Baoan District of Shenzhen City was selected as a pilot county of 65 basic occupational health services in China. A national occupational health survey was conducted from July to October 2011. The contents of the investigation are occupational hazards, occupational health monitoring and occupational health management. In this study, 381 workers exposed to occupational disease hazards were selected as the research object. The present situation of basic occupational health service in Shajing street in Baoan District of Shenzhen City was described with the index of composition ratio and frequency, and the statistical analysis was carried out. The composition ratio and rate of two or more groups of data were compared by 蠂 ~ 2 test. If there was no special explanation, the test level was 0.05, and all the statistical analysis was done by SPSS13.0. Results: 1. There are 381 enterprises with occupational hazards in the streets of Shajing (accounting for 15. 57% of the total number of enterprises and about 230700 of the total number of workers and staff). Among them, large, medium and small enterprises are 25, 154 and 202, respectively. The main industries involved are electronics, plastics, hardware, printing and so on. The main occupational hazard factors are benzene series, n-hexane, trichloroethylene, noise, dust, strong acid and strong base and so on. 2. The number of occupational hazard factors should be 2626, the actual monitoring points 2626, the monitoring rate is 100, the qualified rate of monitoring is 78.75, among which the qualified rate of large-scale enterprises is the highest. 3. Before and during the post period, the physical examination rate was 97.33% and 92.12.2% and 78.93%, respectively. The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 1.091.230.05%, the detectable rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.09% and 0.35%, and the positive rate of confirmed occupational diseases [46] was 0.000.05% and 0.005% respectively, and the detection rate of occupational diseases was 0.000. 05% and 0. 35% respectively, and the detectable rate of occupational contraindications was 0. 09% and 0. 35% respectively. 4. The employment contract signing rate and the employment injury insurance participation rate of the enterprise are 99.74% and 99.59% respectively. 89.23% of the enterprise labor contracts contain the contents of labor conditions and occupational disease hazards protection. 5.73.75% of the enterprises established the occupational health management system, 69.55% of the enterprises set up or designated the occupational health department, and 80.31% of the enterprises equipped with full-time or part-time occupational health management staff 93.96% of enterprises formulated occupational health education and training plans. 6. The establishment rate of the distribution and use system of personal protective articles is the highest (94.2310), the management system of occupational hazard protection measures (79.29) and the occupational health inspection system (77.69)). 7. In addition, 90.29% of enterprises have placed warning signs on the posts where occupational disease hazards exist or occur. Conclusion: 1. The basic occupational health service in Shajing street of Baoan District of Shenzhen has played an important role in preventing and controlling occupational hazards. 2. The monitoring rate and qualified rate of occupational disease hazard factors in enterprises with occupational disease hazards are high, but the monitoring of noise hazards enterprises should be strengthened. 3. Further improvement is needed for health examination of occupational hazards during and after departure, especially for those exposed to noise and chemical poisons. 4. The employer should increase the input of occupational health department and strengthen the construction of occupational health personnel.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R132

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