基于局部换热影响的低压人体热调节模型研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 05:06

本文选题：人体热调节模型 + 局部换热　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：舒适健康的室内环境对人们的工作、生活有着积极的作用。随着社会的发展、经济的增长，人们更加关心舒适的室内环境，人体热调节模型与热舒适理论的研究紧密相连，密不可分，并且热调节模型能够为工程应用提供预测工具。目前国内外对热调节模型的研究大都是在常压环境下展开的，而在日常生活中，人们还常会身处低压环境中，有时也会处于非均匀的热环境中，抑或即使所处热环境的参数分布均匀，但因身体不同部位（如头部和躯干）着衣量的不同，导致身体不同部位所处的热环境不同，从而身体各部位的局部换热量不同。本文重点针对低气压环境，在人体局部换热的基础上对人体热调节模型进行了深入探讨，进而建立低气压环境下的人体热调节模型，并确定了低压热舒适区。主要研究内容如下：首先在总结人体热调节机理的基础上，从生理学角度分析了低气压环境下人体热调节系统中的主要生理参数，进而设计了低压环境人体热调节系统的实验。实验中，对各参数（大气压力、活动水平、环境温度）下的人体新陈代谢量及皮肤温度等生理参数进行了实测，结合主观问卷，建立了局部皮肤温度与热感觉的实验关联式，得出了表征皮肤温度的表达式，经验证，该表达式可以较好地预测不同大气压力、不同环境温度及不同活动水平下的人体热感觉。通过对实测生理参数的分析，可以得出：人体平均皮肤温度随压力的降低变化不显著，但局部皮肤温度随压力的变化并不一致，其显著性随人体部位不同而不同，新陈代谢量则随压力的降低而增加。同时依据实测生理参数随压力的变化规律，得出了低气压环境下人体局部对流、辐射及蒸发换热量公式，建立了低压环境人体与周围环境间的局部传热方程；通过对新陈代谢率进行低压下的修正，结合两节点模型，得到了可用于低压环境的Gagge两节点模型。其次，利用所得到的低气压环境下人体局部换热量公式分析了低气压环境下人体各部位实际的散热量的变化规律，并与用传统的人体平均皮肤温度法得出的换热量值进行了对比分析，两个方法随压力的变化趋势相同，但换热量值略有不同。此外，人体着衣量不同，会导致低压下人体各部位的散热量的变化规律不同，因此，在低压环境下的人体热调节模型中，考虑人体各部位换热的影响具有重要意义。最后，利用低压下人体的局部传热方程，建立了皮肤的总散热数学模型。并综合人体的代谢量、呼吸散热量以及修正后的低压两节点模型，建立了低压环境下基于局部散热的人体热调节模型，并通过实验数据验证了模型在各工况下的准确性。进而利用低压下人体热调节模型预测了各种环境参数下的皮肤温度、核心温度及标准有效温度，，绘制了低压下的等标准有效温度线。在分析低气压下标准有效温度的变化规律的基础上，建立了标准有效温度与人体平均热感觉投票MTS的线性拟合关系，并确定了低压下的热舒适区，为低气压下人体热调节及热舒适的研究奠定了一定的理论基础。
[Abstract]:The comfortable and healthy indoor environment has a positive effect on people's work and life. With the development of the society and the growth of the economy, people are more concerned about the comfortable indoor environment. The heat adjustment model of human body is closely connected with the research of thermal comfort theory, and the heat adjustment model can provide a prediction tool for the engineering application. Most of the research on heat regulation model is carried out in ambient pressure. In daily life, people often live in low pressure environment, sometimes in non-uniform thermal environment, or even if the parameters of the thermal environment are evenly distributed, the body varies with different parts of the body (such as head and trunk), resulting in a different body. The heat environment in the parts of the body is different, thus the local heat transfer of each part of the body is different. This paper focuses on the human body heat regulation model based on the low pressure environment, and then establishes the heat adjustment model of the human body under the low pressure environment, and determines the low pressure thermal comfort zone. The main contents are as follows. Below:
On the basis of summarizing the mechanism of human heat regulation, the main physiological parameters in the human body heat regulation system under the low pressure environment are analyzed from the physiological point of view, and then the experiment of the human body heat regulation system in low pressure environment is designed. In the experiment, the metabolism and skin temperature of the human body under the various parameters (atmospheric pressure, active water level, environmental temperature) The experimental correlation of the local skin temperature and thermal sensation was established by the subjective questionnaire. The expression of the skin temperature was obtained. It was proved that the expression could predict the thermal sensation of human body under different atmospheric pressure, different ambient temperature and different activity level.
Through the analysis of the measured physiological parameters, it can be concluded that the average skin temperature changes with the pressure is not significant, but the local skin temperature varies with the pressure, its significance varies with the body parts, and the metabolic amount increases with the decrease of pressure. Meanwhile, the measured physiological parameters vary with the pressure. The formula of local convection, radiation and evaporation heat transfer in low pressure environment is obtained. The local heat transfer equation between the human body and the surrounding environment in low pressure environment is established. By modifying the metabolic rate under low pressure and combining the two node model, the Gagge two node model can be obtained for low pressure environment.
Secondly, using the local heat transfer formula under the low pressure environment, the change law of the actual heat dissipation in various parts of the human body under the low pressure environment is analyzed, and the comparison analysis is made with the value of heat exchange obtained from the traditional human body average skin temperature method. The two methods are the same with the pressure change, but the heat exchange value is slight. In addition, the variation of heat dissipation in human body parts under low pressure is different. Therefore, it is of great significance to consider the influence of heat transfer in human body parts in the heat regulation model of human body under low pressure.
Finally, by using the local heat transfer equation under the low pressure, the mathematical model of the total heat dissipation of the skin is established, and the body metabolism, the amount of respiration and the modified low pressure two node model are combined to establish the heat regulation model based on the local heat dissipation under the low pressure environment, and the model is verified by the experimental data. And then, the skin temperature, core temperature and standard effective temperature under various environmental parameters are predicted by the model of human body heat regulation under low pressure. The standard effective temperature lines under low pressure are drawn. Based on the analysis of the change law of the standard effective temperature under the low pressure, the standard effective temperature and the average heat sensation vote of the human body are established. The linear fitting relationship of MTS and the thermal comfort zone under low pressure were determined, which laid a theoretical foundation for the study of thermal regulation and thermal comfort of human body under low atmospheric pressure.

【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R122.22

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