济南地区铁路女职工健康状况及主要妇科疾病相关因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-06 16:54

本文选题：铁路女职工 + 健康状况　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景随着社会经济的飞速发展,职业女性越来越成为一个庞大的群体,她们在社会经济发展中起着至关重要的作用,她们的地位有了极大提高,其健康状况也越来越受到社会和其自身的关注。由于铁路企业的特殊性,工作环境条件(连续作业,正常生物节律被打断等)的限制,导致了铁路女职工一些疾病的高发。通过一系列的文献检索,发现目前针对铁路女职工查体结果的分析报告不少,但大多只是对女职工的生殖健康状况作出评价、分析其中可能的危险因素,并针对这些危险因素提出一些简单的建议,尚缺乏对查体资料的全面分析,如女职工慢性非传染疾病发生情况、女职工妇科疾病与各种危险因素之间的关联强度、同一危险因素对不同疾病的致病作用大小等。济南铁路局现有女职工3万多人,仅济南地区就有6000多人,她们大多工作在列车、车站等一些单位,因此,对济南地区铁路系统这一特殊行业的女职工健康状况进行调查,分析危险因素与主要疾病之间的相关性并提出相应的建议是很有必要的。目的通过对济南地区铁路女职工的健康状况调查与分析,了解该系统女职工健康状况的分布以及与疾病发病风险相关联的危险因素；并根据研究结果提出相关建议,为制定疾病早期预防措施、提高女职工健康水平提供依据。方法本研究采用现况研究中普查的研究方法,以济南地区铁路系统为研究现场,以在职已婚女职工为研究对象,对研究对象进行健康查体,收集相关数据信息。所获数据资料经核对无误后,输入计算机,建立Excel数据库,采用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计处理,统计方法包括：统计描述,计数资料比较采用卡方检验,采用非条件Logistic回归分析进行研究对象主要妇科疾病的单因素和多因素分析。设α=0.05。结果 1.本次现况研究以已婚在职女职工作为研究对象,符合研究对象条件的共有6848人,实际有6164人提供了研究数据,无应答684人,应答率为90.01%,除去资料不完整的20人,用于资料分析的6144人,平均年龄40.23±8.18(20-56)岁。 2.本次普查检出的主要疾病(患病率)有：子宫肌瘤(20.82%)、乳腺增生(16.36%)、宫颈炎(15.93%)、脂肪肝(13.44%)、高脂血症(10.95%)、高血压(8.19%)、胆囊疾病(6.48%)、高血糖(3.52%)、心律失常(3.09%)和冠心病(0.18%)等。患病率居前三位的疾病为子宫肌瘤、乳腺增生和宫颈炎。 3.研究对象妇科疾病的总患病率随着年龄的增长不断增加,在46～50岁年龄段达到高峰,为64.17%。子宫肌瘤患病率随着年龄的增加而逐渐增加,46-50岁年龄段患病率最高,为31.69%；乳腺增生患病率,31～45岁年龄段维持在较高水平,46岁以后逐渐降低；宫颈炎的患病率,25岁以下较低,患病率为1.63%,26岁以后逐渐增高,31～40岁年龄段维持在较高水平,以后随年龄逐渐降低。 4.研究对象几种慢性病(脂肪肝、高脂血症、高血压等)的患病率呈现出随着年龄增长而上升的趋势,年龄与疾病之间呈正相关(P0.01),在45～56岁年龄组时的患病率最高,然而某些慢性病(如脂肪肝、高脂血症等)在年轻组中就占有一定比例。 5.主要妇科疾病相关因素分析结果：①与子宫肌瘤发病风险相关联的危险因素有年龄、高舒张压(OR=1.608,95%CI：1.142-2.265)、血小板计数增加(OR=1.347,95%CI：1.118-1.622)和低血红蛋白(OR=1.821,95%CI：1.425-2.326),年龄段在36～40岁时,子宫肌瘤的发病风险是35岁及以下年龄组的4.233倍(OR=4.233,5%CI：3.118-5.747),年龄段在41～56岁时子宫肌瘤的发病风险是35岁及以下年龄组的10.008倍(OR=10.008,95%CI：7.692-13.021)。 ②与乳腺增生发病风险相关联的危险因素有年龄、工种(OR=1.590,95%CI：1.317-1.920)、低血糖(OR=1.600,95%CI：1.272-2.012)和低甘油三酯(OR=I.500,95%CI：1.204-1.867),年龄段在31-45岁时乳腺增生的发病风险分别是30岁及以下年龄段的3.778倍(OR=3.778,95%CI：2.901-4.919),当年龄段增加至46-56岁时乳腺增生的发病风险是30岁及以下年龄段的2.473倍(OR=2.473,95%CI：1.855-3.298) ③与宫颈炎发病风险相关联的因素有年龄、工种(OR=1.210,95%CI：1.019-1.437)、高胆固醇(OR=0.439,95%CI：0.268-0.719)和低甘油三酯(OR=1.306,95%CI：1.041-1.637),年龄段在31-45岁时宫颈炎的发病风险是30岁及以下年龄段的2.281倍(OR=2.281,95%CI：1.810-2.874),当年龄段增加至46-56岁时宫颈炎的发病风险是30岁及以下年龄段的1.460倍(OR=1.460,95%CI：1.126-1.892)。结论 1.济南地区铁路系统女职工患病率居前三位的疾病是子宫肌瘤、乳腺增生和宫颈炎,患病率分别为20.82%、16.36%和15.93%。 2.子宫肌瘤、乳腺增生和宫颈炎等主要妇科疾病均与年龄有关,患病率呈现出随着年龄增长而上升的趋势,年龄段在36-40岁时,子宫肌瘤的发病风险是35岁及以下年龄组的4.233倍,年龄段在41-56岁时子宫肌瘤的发病风险是35岁及以下年龄组的10.008倍；年龄段在31-45岁时乳腺增生和宫颈炎的发病风险分别是30岁及以下年龄段的3.778倍和2.281倍,当年龄段增加至46-56岁时乳腺增生和宫颈炎的发病风险分别是30岁及以下年龄段的2.473倍和1.460倍,提示年龄是研究对象主要妇科疾病的共同的且独立的危险因素。 3.高舒张压是子宫肌瘤发病的独立危险因素,血小板计数增加、血红蛋白低也与子宫肌瘤相关,可能是子宫肌瘤发病后导致的结果；血糖、血脂异常与乳腺增生、宫颈炎的发生相关联,具体机制有待于进一步研究和分析。
[Abstract]:Research background
With the rapid development of social economy, professional women have become a huge group. They play a vital role in the social and economic development, their status has been greatly improved, and their health is becoming more and more concerned with the society and their own attention. The restriction of normal biological rhythm has resulted in the high incidence of some diseases of the railway female workers. Through a series of literature searches, we found that there are many analysis reports on the results of the examination of the railway female workers, but most of them only evaluate the reproductive health of women workers, analyze the possible risk factors, and aim at these dangers. The risk factors put forward some simple suggestions, but there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the physical examination data, such as the occurrence of chronic non infectious diseases of women workers, the intensity of the association between women's gynecologic diseases and various risk factors, the size of the same risk factors for different diseases. More than 30 thousand women workers in Ji'nan Railway Bureau, only the Ji'nan land. There are more than 6000 people in the district. Most of them work in trains, stations and other units. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the health status of women workers in the special industry of the Ji'nan railway system, to analyze the correlation between the risk factors and the main diseases and to put forward the corresponding suggestions.
objective
Through the investigation and analysis of the health status of the female railway workers in Ji'nan, the distribution of the health status of the female workers and the risk factors associated with the risk of disease were understood, and the relevant suggestions were put forward according to the results of the study, which provided the basis for the formulation of early prevention measures for the disease and the improvement of the health level of female workers.
Method
This research adopts the research method of the survey in the current situation study, taking the Ji'nan railway system as the research site, taking the married female workers as the research object, carrying on the health examination to the research object and collecting the relevant data information. After the data are checked and checked, the Excel database is set up and the SPSS17.0 software is used to the data. Statistical methods include statistical description, statistical description, comparison of counting data with chi square test, single factor and multi factor analysis of major gynecologic diseases by non conditional Logistic regression analysis.
Result
1. the present study was based on the research object of married working women workers. There were 6848 people in accordance with the conditions of the study. In fact, 6164 people provided research data, no response to 684 people, response rate of 90.01%, 20 incomplete data, 6144 of data analysis, average age 40.23 + 8.18 (20-56) years old.
2. the main diseases detected in this survey were uterine myoma (20.82%), hyperplasia of mammary gland (16.36%), cervicitis (15.93%), fatty liver (13.44%), hyperlipidemia (10.95%), hypertension (8.19%), gallbladder disease (6.48%), hyperglycemia (3.52%), arrhythmia (3.09%) and coronary heart disease (0.18%). The disease rate in the top 2. was uterine myoma, mammary gland tumor, mammary gland, breast, breast, breast, and breast Hyperplasia and cervicitis.
3. the total prevalence rate of gynecologic diseases increased with age and reached the peak at the age of 46~50 years. The prevalence rate of 64.17%. uterine myoma increased with age, the highest rate of age 46-50 years old, 31.69%. The incidence of hyperplasia of mammary glands, the age of 31~45 years, after 46 years of age. Gradually decreasing, the incidence of cervicitis, lower than 25 years old, the prevalence rate of 1.63%, gradually increased after 26 years of age, 31~40 years of age to maintain a higher level, and then gradually decrease with age.
4. the prevalence of several chronic diseases (fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, etc.) showed a tendency to increase with age. Age was positively correlated with disease (P0.01), and the prevalence rate was highest at the age of 45~56. However, some chronic diseases (such as fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, etc.) were in a certain proportion in the young group.
5. analysis of major gynecologic disease related factors: (1) the risk factors associated with the risk of uterine myoma are age, high diastolic pressure (OR=1.608,95%CI:1.142-2.265), increased platelet count (OR=1.347,95%CI:1.118-1.622) and low hemoglobin (OR=1.821,95%CI: 1.425-2.326), and the onset of uterine myoma at the age of 36~40. The risk of disease was 4.233 times (OR=4.233,5%CI:3.118-5.747) in the age group of 35 years and below, and the risk of uterine myoma at age 41~56 was 10.008 times (OR=10.008,95%CI:7.692-13.021) in the age group of 35 years and below.
The risk factors associated with the risk of mammary hyperplasia were age, OR=1.590,95%CI:1.317-1.920, hypoglycemia (OR=1.600,95%CI:1.272-2.012) and low triglyceride (OR=I.500,95%CI:1.204-1.867), and the risk of hyperplasia of mammary glands at age 31-45 was 3.778 times as high as that of 30 years and below (OR=3.778,95%CI 2.901-4.919), when the age increased to 46-56 years, the risk of breast hyperplasia was 2.473 times that of the age group 30 and below (OR=2.473,95%CI:1.855-3.298).
(3) the factors associated with the risk of cervicitis were age, OR=1.210,95%CI:1.019-1.437, high cholesterol (OR=0.439,95%CI:0.268-0.719) and low triglyceride (OR=1.306,95%CI:1.041-1.637). The risk of cervicitis at age 31-45 was 2.281 times (OR=2.281,95%CI:1.810-2.874) at the age of 30 and below. The risk of cervicitis is 1.460 times higher than that of age 30 and below when age reaches 46-56 years old (OR=1.460,95%CI:1.126-1.892).
conclusion
1. the prevalence rate of female workers in railway system in Ji'nan is the highest in the top three, which are uterine fibroids, hyperplasia of mammary glands and cervicitis. The prevalence rates are 20.82%, 16.36% and 15.93%. respectively.
2. the main gynecologic diseases such as myoma of uterus, hyperplasia of mammary glands and cervicitis are related to age, and the incidence of the disease tends to rise with age. At the age of 36-40, the risk of uterine myoma is 4.233 times that of the age group of 35 years and below, and the risk of uterine myoma at the age of 41-56 is the age group of 35 years and below. At the age of 31-45, the risk of hyperplasia of mammary glands and cervicitis was 3.778 times and 2.281 times of age 30 and below, and the risk of hyperplasia of mammary glands and cervicitis at the age of 46-56 was 2.473 and 1.460 times as much as 30 years and below, suggesting that age is the main gynecologic subject of the study. A common and independent risk factor for disease.
3. high diastolic pressure is an independent risk factor for the onset of myoma of uterus. The platelet count increases and the low hemoglobin is associated with uterine myoma. It may be the result of uterine myoma. Blood glucose, dyslipidemia is associated with the occurrence of hyperplasia of mammary glands and cervicitis, and the specific mechanism needs further study and analysis.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R173

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