机械行业职业伤害特点及危险因素的调查

发布时间：2018-05-10 07:08

本文选题：机械制造行业 + 职业伤害　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的分析企业职工职业伤害发生的特点,探索该企业职业伤害事故的发生原因,找出可能引起机械制造行业职业伤害发生的危险因素,降低职业伤害的发生,为制定机械行业职业伤害的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法根据该企业厂医提供的职业伤害登记表,以2005—2010间发生的1983名职业伤害病例为研究对象,采用回顾调查方法,分析该企业职业伤害发生的变化趋势、伤害类型、三间分布规律、主要原因。通过病例—对照研究,以该企业2010年1月1日-2010年12月31日期间发生的职业伤害受害者为病例组,按1：2配对随机抽样的方法抽取对照组,由厂医进行问卷调查,调查内容包括性别、出生年月、受教育程度、婚姻状况、户籍所在地、就业类型、饮酒、吸烟、工种、工龄、身高、体重、月收入、健康情况、睡眠情况以及对工伤事件的描述。运用SPSS16.0系统统计软件进行统计分析,包括一般性统计描述及统计推断。用构成比、频数分布、算数均数等进行统计描述,采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归方法进行危险因素分析。结果2005—2010年共发生职业伤害病例1983例,职业伤害发生率为8.0%,病例以男性、20-29岁为主,职业伤害类别以机械伤害为主(91.2%),伤害部位以上肢最多(89.6%),受伤类型以擦伤为主,占62.0%,伤害程度以轻伤为主,占94.8%。原因调查发现,操作工人不遵守操作规程和生产环境设备、设施、工具、附件有缺陷是导致该企业职业伤害的最主要原因。单因素logistic回归分析职业伤害的影响因素：在婚的职工伤害发生的危险性较低(OR1)；男性、外区户籍、临时工和农民工、有吸烟、喝酒史的职工发生伤害的危险性较高(OR1),多因素Logistic回归分析,外(区)省户籍者、有喝酒史、过去一周内注意力不集中、睡眠质量不好者发生职业伤害的危险性较高(OR值1)；在婚者发生职业伤害的危险性较低(OR值1)。结论本次调查显示,该企业职业伤害的发生具有一定的特点,具有其特定的类别、性质和部位分布；职业伤害的危险因素具有多元性,外(区)省户籍者、有喝酒史、过去一周内注意力不集中、睡眠质量不好者是伤害发生的危险因素,针对以上分析结果,职业卫生工作者应加强易感人群的安全防护工作,开展综合性干预研究,加强安全教育和安全监督；适时对职工进行技术培训；检查工作场所的防护用品,对于不全情况及时补全；加强安全知识教育,切实提高职工职业安全认知水平,端正职业安全态度,避免不安全行为发生,以降低职业伤害的发生,减少职业伤害造成的经济负担和职工生命质量的损失。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the characteristics of occupational injury in enterprise workers, explore the causes of occupational injury accident, find out the risk factors that may cause occupational injury in machinery manufacturing industry, and reduce the occurrence of occupational injury. To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational injury in machinery industry. Methods according to the occupational injury registration form provided by the factory and doctor of the enterprise, 1983 cases of occupational injury occurred between 2005 and 2010 were selected as research objects. The change trend and injury type of occupational injury in the enterprise were analyzed by retrospective investigation. Three distribution laws, the main reason. A case-control study was conducted. The victims of occupational injuries in the enterprise from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010 were selected as the case group, and the control group was selected according to the method of 1:2 matched random sampling. The survey included gender, year of birth, education, marital status, location of domicile, type of employment, drinking, smoking, type of work, length of service, height, weight, monthly income, health status, Sleep status and description of work-related injuries. SPSS16.0 system statistical software is used for statistical analysis, including general statistical description and statistical inference. The composition ratio, frequency distribution and arithmetic mean were used to describe the risk factors, and the single factor and multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression method were used to analyze the risk factors. Results from 2005 to 2010, there were 1983 cases of occupational injuries, the incidence of occupational injuries was 8.0. The main cases were male patients aged 20-29 years. The occupational injuries were mainly mechanical injuries (91.2%), the most injuries were upper limb injuries (89.6%), and the main types of injuries were abrasions. Account for 62.0, the degree of injury mainly light injury, accounting for 94. 8. It is found that the main cause of occupational injury is the failure of operating workers to comply with operating procedures and production environment, equipment, facilities, tools, accessories and defects. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational injury in married workers was lower than that in married workers, and that men, rural residents, temporary workers and migrant workers had smoking. The risk of injury in workers with drinking history was higher than that in OR1. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that people with household registration in foreign (regional) provinces had a history of drinking and were not focused in the past week. The risk of occupational injury was higher in poor sleep quality patients than in married women. Conclusion the investigation shows that the occurrence of occupational injury in this enterprise has certain characteristics, and has its specific category, nature and location distribution, the risk factors of occupational injury are multivariate, and the residents of other provinces have a history of drinking. In view of the above analysis, occupational health workers should strengthen the safety protection work of susceptible people and carry out comprehensive intervention research. To strengthen safety education and safety supervision; to conduct technical training for staff and workers at the right time; to check the protective articles in the workplace, to make up for the incomplete situation in a timely manner; to strengthen safety knowledge education, and to effectively improve the level of occupational safety awareness of workers and staff, To correct the attitude of occupational safety and avoid unsafe behavior, in order to reduce the occurrence of occupational injury, reduce the economic burden caused by occupational injury and the loss of quality of life of staff and workers.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R135

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