1991-2010年广西汉、壮族7-18岁学生生长发育动态变化的研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:52

本文选题：体格发育 + 体能发育　；参考：《广西医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]通过对广西1991-2010年5次学生体质与健康调研中7-18岁汉、壮族学生监测资料的分析,探索广西汉、壮族7-18岁学生20年来体格发育指标、体能发育指标及派生指标的变化情况和变化规律,掌握其变化趋势,为今后的研究、制定干预方案提供科学依据。 [方法]收集1991年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年5次全国学生体质与健康调研中广西汉、壮族7-18岁学生的调研数据,按民族、性别、年龄分组,分别计算历年各个指标的增幅,比较不同时间段、不同民族各指标的增幅差异,分析历年增幅的动态变化；并以BMI指数(Body Mass Index)的筛查标准,分析汉、壮族学生的营养状况。纳入分析的体格发育指标包括身高、体重、胸围；体能发育指标包括肺活量、50M跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、斜身引体(7-12岁男生)或引体向上(13-18岁男生)、一分钟仰卧起坐(女生)、50×8往返跑(7-12岁学生)、1000M跑(13-18岁男生)或800M跑(13-18岁女生),以及派生指标包括BMI指数、肺活量指数。 [结果] 1体格发育指标 (1)广西汉、壮族学生的体格发育符合生长发育的一般规律,各指标的均值随年龄的增长而增长。2010年调研结果与1991年相比,汉、壮族男生身高的平均增幅依次为4.75cm、2.16cm,女生依次为3.64cm、2.04cm。汉、壮族男生体重的平均增幅依次为5.65kg、2.74kg,女生依次为3.64kg、2.28kg.汉、壮族男生胸围的平均增幅依次为2.82cm、-1.37cm,女生依次为2.97cm、1.21cm。 (2)各体格发育指标总体呈增长趋势,汉族的增长幅度均大于壮族。而在前后十年的比较中,壮族学生身高、体重的增幅表现为后十年大于前十年,汉族学生则无差异。 (3)各指标历年的最大增幅年龄波动较大,身高波动在8-13岁之间,体重波动在9-17岁之间,胸围波动在10-17岁之间。 2体能发育指标 (1)机能素质指标绝大部分都下降,汉族男生的斜身引体,汉、壮族女生的坐位体前屈除外。壮族学生的大部分指标的降幅大于汉族,男生的坐位体前屈、引体向上、1000米跑,女生的坐位体前屈、800米跑除外。 (2)2010年,汉族学生的肺活量、耐力素质出现好转,汉族男生的腹部肌群力量也开始出现好转；壮族学生未出现相似情形。 (3)肺活量、腹部肌群力量、耐力素质的逆转幅度表现为小学生好于中学生,壮族男生的腹部肌群力量变化情况则相反。 3派生指标 (1)BMI指数20年来均在正常值范围内,且不断上升,汉族男生的增幅大于壮族男生。2010年与1991年相比,汉、壮族学生消瘦的总检出率下降,而超重肥胖的总检出率上升。 (2)肺活量指数20年来汉、壮族男生的平均降幅依次为8.24、14.56,女生依次为8.18、14.93。壮族的降幅大于汉族,中学生的降幅大于小学生。 [结论]广西汉、壮族学生的体格发育趋势良好,正处于生长发育长期趋势的增长期,但营养不良的情况较为突出。体能发育水平与体格发育水平不协调,汉、壮族学生的体能发育水平不随体格发育各个指标的增长而增长,反而出现下降的趋势。汉族学生的体格发育水平、营养水平、体能发育水平均优于壮族。应进一步采取措施提高学生的体育锻炼水平和运动量,尽快逆转体能发育水平,并对儿童生长发育的民族差异性进行深入研究,促进全区各族儿童少年体质健康水平的均衡发展。
[Abstract]:[Objective] through the analysis of the monitoring data of the students of 7-18 years old and Zhuang Nationality in the 5 students' physical and health survey of Guangxi in 1991-2010 years, we explored the physical development indexes, the changes and the changing rules of the physical development index and derived indexes for the 7-18 year old students of the Zhuang Nationality in the past 20 years in Guangxi and the Zhuang nationality for 20 years. Provide a scientific basis.
[Methods] to collect the survey data of Guangxi Han and Zhuang 7-18 year old students of the 5 national students in 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. According to the data of the 7-18 year old students of Zhuang nationality and Zhuang nationality, according to the national, gender and age groups, the growth of each index in the past year was calculated respectively, and the difference in the growth of different national indexes was compared in different time periods, and the dynamic changes of the year's increase were analyzed. And using the BMI index (Body Mass Index) screening criteria to analyze the nutritional status of Han and Zhuang students. The physical development indicators included in the analysis include height, weight, chest circumference, physical development indicators including vital capacity, 50M run, standing long jump, sitting body forward flexion, oblique body (7-12 year old boys) or upwards (13-18 year old boys), one minute supine Sit up (female), 50 x 8 round-trip (7-12 year old student), 1000M run (13-18 year old boy) or 800M run (13-18 year old girl), and derived indicators including BMI index and vital capacity index.
[results]
1 physique development index
(1) the physical development of the Zhuang Students in Guangxi is in accordance with the general rule of growth and development. The average increase of the average value of each index increases with the age of.2010. Compared with 1991, the average increase of the height of the male boys is 4.75cm, 2.16cm, and the female students in turn are 3.64cm and 2.04cm., and the average increase of the weight of male boys is 5.65kg, 2. .74kg, girls in turn were 3.64kg, 2.28kg. Han, Zhuang boys, the average increase in chest circumference was 2.82cm, -1.37cm, and girls in turn were 2.97cm, 1.21cm..
(2) the growth trend of the body development index is overall, the increase of the Han nationality is greater than that of the Zhuang nationality. In the ten year comparison, the growth of the height and weight of the Zhuang students is more than the first ten years in the last ten years, and the Han students have no difference.
(3) the largest increase in the age of each index fluctuated over the years. The height fluctuation was between 8-13 years old. The body weight fluctuated between 9-17 years old, and the chest circumference fluctuated between 10-17 years old.
2 physical development index
(1) most of the indicators of functional quality have fallen, except for the inclined body of the Han boys, the Han, and the Zhuang girls' sitting body. Most of the Zhuang Students' decline is larger than the Han, the boy's sitting body, the introduction, the 1000 meters, the girl's sitting body, the 800 meter run.
(2) in 2010, the vital capacity and endurance quality of the Han students improved, and the strength of the abdominal muscles of the Han boys began to improve; the students of the Zhuang nationality did not appear similar.
(3) the amplitude of vital capacity, abdominal muscle strength and endurance quality of pupils is better than that of middle school students.
3 derivative index
(1) the BMI index has been in the normal range for 20 years and continues to rise. The increase of Han boys is greater than that of the Zhuang boys in the year of.2010 and 1991. The total detection rate of emaciation of the Zhuang students is decreased, and the total detection rate of overweight and obesity is rising.
(2) in the period of 20 years in the lung capacity index, the average decline of male students in Zhuang nationality was 8.24,14.56 in turn, and the decline of female students in turn was greater than that of the Han nationality, and the decline of middle school students was greater than that of the primary school students.
[Conclusion] the physical development trend of the Zhuang Students in Guangxi is good and is in the growth period of long-term growth and development, but the situation of malnutrition is more prominent. The level of physical development is not coordinated with the level of physical development. The physical development level of the Han and Zhuang students does not increase with the growth of the various indexes of physical development, but decreases. Trend. The physical development level, nutrition level and physical development level of the Han students are superior to those of the Zhuang nationality. Measures should be taken to improve the level of physical exercise and exercise of students, reverse the level of physical development as soon as possible, and study the national differences of children's growth and development to promote the health level of children and children of all ethnic groups in the whole region. A balanced development.

【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R179

【参考文献】