魔芋粉对酒精首过代谢影响及对酒精性脑损伤保护作用的研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 06:36

本文选题：魔芋粉 + 急性酒精中毒　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类历史的文化长河中,酒不仅作为一种客观物质存在,更是一种文化象征。随着社会进步和经济水平的不断发展,酒已然成为了家庭餐桌和社交场合的必备品,而随之而来的过度饮酒所造成的醉酒、急性酒精中毒事件愈发增多,严重影响了人们的身体健康。所以,安全、有效的解酒产品的开发和研制一直是当今世界持续关注的热点问题。目前,国内外对防治酒精损伤的研究主要集中在传统中药初提物和复方产品,但药物的长期服用对身体难免会造成一定程度伤害。近些年来,越来越多的研究学者通过膳食预防疗法研究解酒功效,而植物多糖在此方面性能独特。因此,开发植物性多糖解酒类的功能食品具有非常重要的意义。卫生部公布的“药食同源”物品名单中,魔芋是被作为普通食品来管理的食品新资源。目前,已有文献报道了魔芋葡甘聚糖具有抗醉解酒和对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用,也有一些学者认为魔芋具有物理吸附乙醇作用从而达到防醉解酒目的,但这些观点仅仅停留在假设水平,缺乏试验证实,对魔芋的解酒功能仍需要进一步系统化研究。本文主要从体外、体内两方面入手对魔芋解酒进行探究,体外通过透析袋法模拟胃肠液环境,研究了魔芋多糖在多种因素下对透析袋外乙醇析出量变化的影响,同时初步探究魔芋对乙醇的物理吸附作用;体内采用不同剂量的魔芋粉(166,332,500mg/kg),以昆明种小鼠为试验对象,采用56°红星二锅头灌胃法进行造模,探究魔芋粉对急性酒精中毒小鼠胃中首过代谢的增强作用及对胃黏膜的保护作用和对脑的抗氧化损伤及神经递质调节的影响,以期为开发植物性多糖类普通食材防治酒精性损伤的功能性食品提供理论和技术支撑。本论文研究的主要结论如下:1、魔芋粉在模拟胃肠道环境中,对不同因素条件下乙醇析出量变化及物理吸附作用的研究A、在模拟胃液和模拟肠液环境中,以时间、乙醇浓度(v/v)、KGM浓度为试验因素,将KGM-乙醇混合液加入透析袋内,并以水-乙醇混合液做为对照,通过气相色谱法测定不同因素下对照组和KGM组透析出来的乙醇量变化,结果显示:(1)在不同的时间段内,和对照组比较,模拟胃液KGM组乙醇透析量在20-90min时间段内显著降低,120-210min时间段内虽有下降但无显著性差异;而在模拟肠液中,KGM组在各时间段乙醇量都有降低且呈显著性差异,说明KGM能够减少游离乙醇的量,进而可能对减少和延缓乙醇进入血液起到了一定的作用。而KGM组透析出来的乙醇量是随着时间的延长而增多,说明在短时间内KGM能够阻止乙醇的渗透,随着时间的延长,当达到150min时,透析袋两边的乙醇浓度最终达成动态平衡。(2)模拟胃液和模拟肠液中,在相同的KGM浓度和不同的乙醇浓度下,KGM组乙醇透析量明显低于对照组;随着乙醇浓度在10%-40%(v/v)范围内的增加,KGM组乙醇析出量逐渐升高且呈显著性差异;随着乙醇浓度在40%-60%范围内增加,KGM组透析出来的乙醇量无显著性差异,说明定量的KGM在高浓度乙醇下的作用效果强于低浓度乙醇。(3)模拟胃液和模拟肠液中,在相同的乙醇浓度和不同的KGM浓度下,KGM组透析出来的乙醇量低于对照组,且高浓度较低浓度KGM,乙醇析出量降低,说明随着KGM浓度增高,对乙醇的吸附量加大。B、KGM对乙醇物理吸附测定试验以水-不同浓度乙醇混合液作为对照,定量KGM与不同浓度乙醇混合、离心,与对照组比较,KGM组离心析出上清液中乙醇量降低,证实KGM对乙醇起到吸附作用,从而抑制胃肠对乙醇的吸收,使血液中乙醇含量减少,达到预防醉酒的目的;测定定量KGM在不同乙醇浓度下的吸附率可知,随着乙醇浓度在10%-50%范围内加大,KGM对乙醇的吸附率下降但无显著性意义,当乙醇浓度达到60%,与其他乙醇浓度范围内KGM吸附率比较,KGM对乙醇吸附率下降且有显著性差异,说明定量KGM不可无限制吸附乙醇,当吸附乙醇到达一定量之后作用受到限制。2.魔芋粉对酒精首过代谢的增强作用及对胃黏膜保护作用的研究体外实验得出魔芋粉可通过对乙醇吸附作用降低进入血液乙醇含量,但当摄入乙醇量过大时,则需要通过增强首过代谢作用降低胃肠液中游离乙醇量。结果表明:与空白组比较,模型组胃组织匀浆中ADH、ALDH活力下降,血液中乙醇浓度升高,魔芋粉组较模型组胃中ADH、ALDH活力上升,血醇浓度下降,其中魔芋粉中、高剂量组与模型组相比ADH、ALDH活力显著升高,说明魔芋粉能够增强胃中ADH、ALDH的酶活性,促进乙醇首过代谢作用,抑制胃肠对乙醇吸收,降低血醇浓度;与空白组相比,模型组小鼠胃的水肿指数、胃黏膜损伤溃疡指数显著升高,胃酸中除pH值无显著性差异外,游离酸和总酸都呈现上升趋势,且生化指标TNF-α含量上升,SS水平降低,胃黏膜组织病理学损伤严重,显示造模成功;魔芋粉低、中、高剂量组较模型组TNF-α含量降低且有显著性差异,而低剂量组SS水平较模型组无显著性意义,中、高剂量组则有显著性差异,说明魔芋粉能够通过调节炎症介质的产生保护胃黏膜。3.魔芋粉对急性酒精中毒小鼠脑损伤抗氧化保护作用的研究结果表明:模型组与空白组比较,小鼠脑组织匀浆中MDA、NO含量均显著升高,SOD、GSH含量均显著降低;对小鼠脑组织病理切片观察,模型组海马区锥体细胞数量减少,排列松散且不规则,部分区域可看到细胞坏死、萎缩,魔芋粉组整体细胞排列紧密,细胞数目较多;小鼠经灌胃不同剂量魔芋粉后,魔芋粉低、中剂量组的SOD、GSH水平虽呈现上升趋势,但与模型组比较无显著性意义,魔芋粉高剂量组含量上升且有显著性差异。与模型组比较,魔芋粉中、高剂量组MDA含量降低,有显著性差异;魔芋粉高剂量组NO含量上升且有显著性差异。总体来看,魔芋粉高剂量组对脑损伤抗氧化能力优于低、中剂量组,在一定程度上可以调节酒后脑组织中自由基代谢,避免氧化损伤,起到保护急性酒精中毒小鼠脑组织作用。4.魔芋粉对急性酒精中毒小鼠脑中乙醛及神经递质调节研究结果表明:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠血中、脑中乙醛含量,脑中β-EP、DA、5-HT含量明显上升,且这些指标都有显著性差异。灌胃各剂量魔芋粉后,与模型组比较,魔芋粉各剂量组可有效降低血中、脑中乙醛含量;魔芋粉各组β-EP含量下降且有显著性差异;魔芋粉中、高剂量组降低DA、5-HT含量,有显著性差异,而魔芋粉低剂量组虽有降低但无显著性意义。从整体来看,魔芋粉高剂量组效果优于魔芋粉低、中剂量组。
[Abstract]:In the cultural long river of human history, wine is not only an objective substance, but also a cultural symbol. With the progress of the society and the continuous development of the economic level, wine has become a necessary product of the family table and social occasions, and the ensuing drunkenness caused by excessive drinking and the increasing number of acute alcoholism events are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the development and development of the safe and effective alcoholism products has been a hot issue in the world today. At present, the research on the prevention and control of alcohol damage at home and abroad is mainly concentrated on the traditional Chinese medicine and the compound products, but the long period taking of the drugs will cause a certain degree of harm to the body. In recent years, more and more researchers have studied the effect of alcoholism through dietary prevention, while plant polysaccharides have unique performance in this field. Therefore, it is very important to develop functional food of plant polysaccharide solution wine. The konjac is managed as a common food in the name list of "medicine and food homologous" published by the Ministry of health. At present, it has been reported that konjac glucomannan has the protection against alcoholism and alcoholic liver injury, and some scholars believe that the konjac has physical adsorption of ethanol in order to prevent alcoholism, but these views only stay on the hypothesis level, lack of experimental confirmation and the function of the taro. Further systematic study is still needed. In this paper, the study is mainly from two aspects in vitro and in vivo. The effect of konjac polysaccharides on the change of ethanol precipitation outside the dialysate bag is studied in vitro through the dialysis bag method, and the physical adsorption of konjac on ethanol is studied. Different doses of konjac powder (166332500mg/kg) were used to study the effect of konjac powder on the first over metabolism of the stomach in the stomach of acute alcoholism mice and the effect on the gastric mucosal protection and the effect on the oxidative damage of the brain and the regulation of neurotransmitter in Kunming. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1, the study on the variation of ethanol precipitation and the physical adsorption of ethanol in the simulated gastrointestinal environment by konjac powder in the simulated gastrointestinal environment, A, in simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal liquid environment, With time, ethanol concentration (v/v) and KGM concentration as experimental factors, the mixture of KGM- ethanol was added into the dialysis bag, and the water ethanol mixture was used as the control. The changes in the amount of ethanol from the control group and the KGM group under different factors were measured by gas chromatography. The results showed: (1) compared with the control group, the simulated gastric juice KGM was compared with the control group in different time periods. The amount of alcohol dialysis in group 20-90min decreased significantly in the period of time and there was no significant difference in the time period of 120-210min, but in the simulated intestinal fluid, the amount of ethanol in the KGM group decreased and showed significant difference in each time period, indicating that KGM could reduce the amount of free ethanol, and thus could reduce and delay the entry of ethanol into the blood. The amount of ethanol from the KGM group increased with time, indicating that KGM could prevent the infiltration of ethanol in a short time. As time went on, the ethanol concentration on both sides of the dialysate bag finally reached a dynamic balance when it reached 150min. (2) the same KGM concentration and different ethanol in the simulated gastric juice and the simulated intestinal liquid. Under the concentration of KGM, the amount of ethanol dialysis was significantly lower than that in the control group. As the concentration of ethanol increased in the range of 10%-40% (v/v), the amount of ethanol precipitation in the KGM group increased gradually and showed significant difference. As the concentration of ethanol increased in the 40%-60% range, there was no significant difference in the amount of ethanol from the KGM group, indicating the quantitative KGM under the high concentration of ethanol. The effect is stronger than the low concentration ethanol. (3) in the simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal liquid, under the same ethanol concentration and different KGM concentration, the amount of ethanol from the KGM group is lower than the control group, and the high concentration is lower KGM and the ethanol precipitation is reduced. It shows that the adsorption amount of ethanol increases with the increase of KGM concentration,.B and KGM for the determination of ethanol physical adsorption. The test took water and different concentration ethanol mixture as control, the quantitative KGM was mixed with different concentrations of ethanol and centrifuged. Compared with the control group, the amount of ethanol in the centrifuge precipitated supernatant in the KGM group decreased, which confirmed that KGM was adsorbed on ethanol, thus inhibiting the absorption of ethanol in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the content of ethanol in the blood and achieving the purpose of preventing drunken alcohol. The adsorption rate of fixed quantitative KGM at different ethanol concentrations showed that as the concentration of ethanol increased in the range of 10%-50%, the adsorption rate of ethanol decreased with the decrease of KGM. When the concentration of ethanol reached 60%, compared with the KGM adsorption rate in the other ethanol concentration range, KGM decreased the ethanol adsorption rate and had significant difference, indicating that the quantitative KGM could not be absent. The effect of limiting the adsorption of ethanol to a certain amount is limited by the effect of.2. konjac powder on the increase of alcohol first over metabolism and the protective effect on the gastric mucosa in vitro. It is concluded that the konjac powder can be reduced into the blood alcohol content by reducing the ethanol adsorption, but when the intake of ethanol is too large, it needs to be enhanced. The first over metabolism decreased the amount of free ethanol in the gastrointestinal fluid. The results showed that: compared with the blank group, the activity of ADH, ALDH in the gastric tissue homogenate of the model group was decreased, the concentration of ethanol in the blood increased, the energy of ADH in the stomach of the konjac powder group was higher than that in the model group, the activity of ALDH increased and the concentration of blood alcohol decreased. The high dose group was ADH, and the activity of ALDH was significantly higher than that of the model group, and the activity of the high dose group was significantly higher than that of the model group. It shows that konjac powder can enhance the enzyme activity of ADH and ALDH in the stomach, promote the alcohol first over metabolism, inhibit the absorption of ethanol and reduce the concentration of blood alcohol. Compared with the blank group, the edema index of stomach and the ulcer index of gastric mucosal injury in the model group are significantly higher than that in the gastric acid, and the free acid and the total acid are present in the gastric acid except for the pH value. The rising trend, the content of TNF- alpha in the biochemical index, the decrease of SS level, the serious histopathological injury of the gastric mucosa, the success of the model, the decrease in the content of TNF- alpha in the low, middle and high dose group of the konjac powder, and the significant difference between the low dose group and the model group, and the significant difference between the high dose group and the high dose group, indicating that the high dose group has significant difference. The effect of konjac powder on the antioxidant protective effect of.3. konjac powder on the brain damage of acute alcoholism mice by regulating the inflammatory mediators showed that: compared with the blank group, the content of MDA and NO in the brain homogenate of the mice increased significantly, and the content of SOD and GSH decreased significantly, and the pathological sections of the brain tissue of mice were observed. In the model group, the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the model group was reduced and arranged loosely and irregularly. The cell necrosis and atrophy were seen in some areas. The whole cells in the konjac powder group were closely arranged and the number of cells was more. After the different doses of konjac powder in the stomach of the mice, the konjac powder was low and the level of SOD and GSH in the middle dose group showed a rising trend, but there was no significant difference between the model group and the model group. The content of the high dose group of konjac powder was significantly different. Compared with the model group, the high dose group of konjac powder decreased the content of MDA, and there was a significant difference. The high dose group of konjac powder increased and had significant difference in NO content. The results of the regulation of.4. konjac powder in the brain of acute alcoholism mice showed that the content of acetaldehyde in the blood of the model group, the content of acetaldehyde in the brain and the content of beta -EP, DA, 5-HT in the brain were compared with that of the blank group. After gavage of konjac powder, each dose of konjac powder could effectively reduce the content of acetaldehyde in blood and brain, and the content of beta -EP in Amorphophallus powder decreased and had significant difference after the dose of konjac powder. In konjac powder, the high dose group decreased DA and 5-HT content, and the low dose of konjac powder was low. The effect of konjac flour in high dose group was better than that in konjac flour low and medium dose group.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151

【参考文献】