湖南省株洲市2001-2010年职业病病例现况及趋势研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 15:17

本文选题：职业病 + 职业流行病学　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解湖南省株洲市2001-2010年期间的职业病流行病学情况,并对病例数较多的几种职业病的流行病学特征进行较为详细的分析,了解其发生规律,在此基础上,根据实际情况,有针对性地提出预防控制措施,为株洲市有关部门制定相关防治措施提供科学的参考依据,提高职业人群的身体健康。方法：将2001-2010年期间株洲市职业病诊断机构确诊的职业病例,采集相关信息建立Excel数据库,再运用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析,运用绝对数、构成比、均数±标准差(x±s)对病例发病年龄、职业病种类等进行统计描述,对病例发病年龄、肺结核合并率等进行卡方检验、Fisher精确检验、方差分析等统计分析,所有的统计检验均采取双侧检验,检验水准为0.05。结果：1.2001年至2010年株洲市的职业病报告病例数有下降的趋势。2001-2010年间株洲市的职业病以尘肺病(78.2%)和职业性耳鼻喉疾病为主(12.7%)；职业病患者以男性为主(95.1%)；发病年龄以40岁～49岁年龄段为主,占45.6%；职业病患者的工种包括有100多种工种,其中主采煤工(26.6%)和主掘进工(16.2%)为主; 2.尘肺患者中男性为主(99.07%)；发病年龄主要集中在40岁～和50岁～年龄段；尘肺种类以煤工尘肺为主,占66.35%；工种以主采煤工和主掘进工为主,分别为34.1%和20.2%；矽肺接尘工龄最短,为(13.9±9.3)年；煤工尘肺的发病年龄最小,为(48.5±9.1)岁； 3.职业中毒中慢性中毒与急性中毒的比例为1：0.7,男女性别比为5：3。急性职业中毒的发病年龄以18～49岁为主,慢性职业中毒以40岁～49岁为主；急性中毒和慢性中毒的性别构成、年龄构成的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；急性中毒中硫化氢中毒和砷中毒最多；慢性中毒中苯中毒和铅中毒占大多数。 4.职业性耳鼻喉疾病、职业性皮肤病及其他职业病中男性患者为主;发病年龄分别集中在40岁～49岁年龄段和30岁～39岁年龄段。结论：1.株洲市2001年至2010年株洲市职业病报告病例数有下降的趋势。2001-2010年间株洲市的职业病以尘肺病和职业性耳鼻喉疾病为主；职业病患者以男性为主；发病年龄以40岁、49岁年龄段为主；工种以主采煤工和主掘进工为主； 2.尘肺病患者以男性；40岁～59岁年龄段;采煤工和主掘进工;煤工尘肺为主； 3.急性职业中毒患者以男性,18～49岁年龄段,硫化氢中毒和砷中毒为主；慢性职业中毒患者以男性,40岁～49岁,苯中毒和铅中毒为主； 4.职业性耳鼻喉疾病、职业性皮肤病及其他职业病中男性患者为主,发病年龄分别集中在40岁～49岁年龄段和30岁～39岁年龄段。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the epidemiological situation of occupational diseases in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province from 2001 to 2010, and to analyze in detail the epidemiological characteristics of several occupational diseases with more cases, and to find out the regularity of their occurrence, on the basis of which, according to the actual situation, The prevention and control measures are put forward in order to provide scientific reference for the relevant departments in Zhuzhou city to improve the health of the occupational population. Methods: the occupational cases diagnosed by Zhuzhou occupational disease diagnosis institution from 2001 to 2010 were collected and the relevant information was collected to establish the Excel database. The data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. The mean 卤standard deviation (x 卤s) was used to describe the age of onset and the type of occupational disease. The incidence age and incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher accurate test and variance analysis. All statistical tests were carried out on both sides, with a test level of 0.05. Results: 1. From 2001 to 2010, the number of reported cases of occupational diseases in Zhuzhou City showed a downward trend. Between 2001 and 2010, the occupational diseases in Zhuzhou City were pneumoconiosis (78.2%) and occupational otolaryngology diseases (mainly 12.7D); the occupational diseases were mainly male (95.1%); the onset age was 40 years old. The 49-year-old age group is the majority. The types of work of occupational disease patients include more than 100 kinds of work, of which the main coal miner is 26.6m and the main excavator is 16.2cm). 2. Among the patients with pneumoconiosis, the majority of them were men (99.07%); the ages of onset of pneumoconiosis were mainly between 40 and 50 years old; the types of pneumoconiosis were mainly coal workers' pneumoconiosis, which accounted for 66.35; the main types of work were main coal miners and main tunnelling workers (34.1% and 20.2%, respectively); silicosis dust exposure was the shortest. The age of pneumoconiosis in coal workers was the lowest (48.5 卤9.1) years. 3. The ratio of chronic poisoning to acute poisoning in occupational poisoning was 1: 0.7 and the ratio of male to female was 5: 3. The onset age of acute occupational poisoning was 1849 years old, the main age of chronic occupational poisoning was 40 years old or 49 years old, the sex composition of acute poisoning and chronic poisoning was significantly different (P 0.05), hydrogen sulfide poisoning and arsenic poisoning were the most common among acute poisoning. Benzene poisoning and lead poisoning account for the majority of chronic poisoning. 4. Male patients with occupational otorhinolaryngology, occupational dermatosis and other occupational diseases were mainly in the age of 40 years, 49 years old and 30 years old and 39 years old, respectively. Conclusion 1. From 2001 to 2010, the number of reported cases of occupational diseases in Zhuzhou City showed a downward trend. The occupational diseases in Zhuzhou City from 2001 to 2010 were mainly pneumoconiosis and occupational otolaryngology, the occupational diseases were mainly male, the age of onset was 40 years old and 49 years old. The main types of work are the main coal miners and the main tunneling workers; 2. The pneumoconiosis patients were male 40 years old and 59 years old; coal miners and main excavators; coal workers mainly pneumoconiosis; 3. The patients with acute occupational poisoning were mainly hydrogen sulfide poisoning and arsenic poisoning at the age of 18 ~ 49 years, and those with chronic occupational poisoning were mainly benzene poisoning and lead poisoning at the age of 40 years or 49 years. 4. The male patients with occupational ear, nose and throat diseases, occupational dermatosis and other occupational diseases were mainly male, whose onset age was 40 years old, 49 years old and 30 years old and 39 years old, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

【参考文献】