汽车装配线人机工程与职业性疾病相关性研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 23:45

本文选题：汽车装配线 + 人机工程　；参考：《华南理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：创建安心工作的工作条件和舒适的工作环境，以达到企业职业健康安全管理体系的目标要求及员工生理和心理需求。而人机工程学正是一门研究人、机、环境如何才能达到最佳匹配，以保证人安全、健康、高效、舒适地进行工作和生活的学科；通过人机工程的改善，促进和改进作业装配线与作业人员职业性疾病的预防。应用人机工程学相关技术及人机工程学的改善理论与方法，如动作经济原则与流程经济原则等评估了生产现场的人机工程现状，对典型人机工程问题进行分析，并与职业性疾病预防相结合，提出了可行的改善方案，以期取得明显改善效果。首先通过人机工程学的发展现状分析、相关技术及改善理论的总结，对装配线进行调查、分析，对现状进行模拟，使得企业能够更有效地实施人机工程项目，然后通过对公司人机工程及职业性疾病现状的调查、评估、分析并改善生产现场的具体问题。对焊接包边工序存在问题的岗位进行有效的人机分析，利用模拟分析软件对工序的操作过程进行模拟分析，改善其中人、机问题，如不合理的场景布局、人工搬运以及作业人员无效走动时间等，减轻作业人员的劳动强度并提高工序的效率；对总装车身装配流水线上的操作者身体姿势问题，提出加装操作平台的改善方案，并说明此改善方案在类似的流水线上的通用性，并推广使用；在底盘装配工位上，对作业负荷、人与环境匹配等进行改善，改善实施后，操作者反映不仅身体姿势得到改善，作业效率也得到了提高。通过作业负荷评价法、体力测试、工程调查评价表等项目对工作负荷做较全面的预测研究及分析，改变当前对工作负荷强度不能预测以及只侧重体力工作负荷的状况，有效的对装配线职业性疾病进行初步的预防分析，最后分析通过科学的人机工程分析及职业性疾病预防在企业实施的迫切性，，并面向汽车制造业给出了科学的实施流程方法与步骤，以及人机工程学及职业性疾病预防实施的效果评价体系。本研究的成果可望对汽车制造业装配生产线中操作者的作业舒适度和工作效率及安全性从技术上给予相应提高，对生产工艺中工位的合理布置给予明确的指导；逐步将人机工程学改善理论应用于汽车装配作业中，结合职业性疾病的预防，推广其在汽车制造业的应用；创造安心、舒适的工作环境，提高汽车装配生产线的工作效率并改善装配线上的不合理的设计；提高人机工程学在汽车制造业生产中的应用研究与使用领域，并规范生产工艺的方法与步骤，具重要的理论和工程意义。
[Abstract]:Create secure working conditions and comfortable working environment to meet the objectives of the occupational health and safety management system and the physical and psychological needs of employees. And ergonomics is a discipline that studies how people, machines, and environments can best match to ensure the safety, health, efficiency, and comfort of people working and living in a safe, healthy, efficient and comfortable way; through the improvement of ergonomics, Promote and improve assembly line and prevention of occupational diseases. The present situation of ergonomics in production site is evaluated by using ergonomics related technology and improving theories and methods of ergonomics, such as the principle of action economy and principle of flow economy, and the typical problems of ergonomics are analyzed. Combined with the prevention of occupational diseases, a feasible improvement plan was put forward in order to achieve obvious improvement results. First of all, through the analysis of the development of ergonomics, the summary of related technology and improvement theory, the assembly line is investigated, analyzed, and the current situation is simulated, so that the enterprise can implement the ergonomics project more effectively. Then through the survey of the company's ergonomics and occupational diseases, analyze and improve the specific problems on the production site. Effective man-machine analysis is carried out on the positions where there are problems in the welding wrapping process, and the operation process of the process is simulated and analyzed by using the simulation analysis software, so as to improve the human and machine problems, such as the unreasonable layout of the scene, In order to reduce the labor intensity and improve the efficiency of the working procedure, the manual handling and the invalid walking time of the operator, the improvement scheme of adding the operating platform is put forward to solve the problem of the body posture of the operator on the assembly line of the car body. It also explains the generality of the improvement scheme on similar assembly lines and its popularization, and improves the work load, the matching of human and environment in the chassis assembly station, and after the improvement is implemented, the operator reflects not only the improvement of body posture, but also the improvement of the working load and the matching of human and environment. Work efficiency has also been improved. Through the work load evaluation method, physical test, engineering survey evaluation form and other items to do a more comprehensive research and analysis of workload, changing the current workload intensity can not be predicted and only focus on manual work load. Finally, through scientific man-machine engineering analysis and occupational disease prevention in enterprises, the urgency of the implementation of the prevention of occupational diseases in the assembly line is analyzed. The methods and steps of the scientific implementation process and the effect evaluation system of ergonomics and occupational disease prevention are also given to the automobile manufacturing industry. The results of this study are expected to improve the working comfort, working efficiency and safety of the operators in the assembly production line of automobile manufacturing industry, and give clear guidance to the reasonable arrangement of the work stations in the production process. The ergonomics improvement theory is gradually applied to the automobile assembly operation, combined with the prevention of occupational diseases, the application of ergonomics in the automobile manufacturing industry is popularized, and a comfortable and comfortable working environment is created. Improve the working efficiency of the automobile assembly line and improve the unreasonable design on the assembly line, improve the application research and application field of ergonomics in the automobile manufacturing industry, and standardize the methods and steps of the production process, It has important theoretical and engineering significance.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R135.99

【参考文献】