浦东新区办公楼宇集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查与对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:31

本文选题：办公楼宇 + 集中空调　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的通过对部分办公楼宇集中空调通风系统的调查研究,了解目前办公楼宇空调系统的设置布局、人员制度、日常运行维护管理开展情况,掌握空调系统的卫生现状和室内环境的卫生质量,发现办公楼宇集中空调卫生管理中存在的问题和影响办公环境卫生质量的主要因素,并进行有针对性的分析和讨论,寻求目前情况下有效的解决措施和方法,为卫生行政部门开展卫生监督和指导提供参考依据,以提升办公楼宇集中空调的管理能力和卫生安全水平。方法本次研究随机选取6家使用集中空调的办公楼宇,通过调阅空调设计图、竣工验收资料等了解空调系统的历史,利用调查表形式对集中空调的种类、数量和空调系统的组成构件等基本情况开展调查,通过现场询问和关键控制点检查了解管理人员的组成结构、专业知识掌握、卫生管理意识及日常运行维护管理开展情况,同时对集中空调系统的卫生质量和办公室内环境质量进行现场检测,对部分办公人员开展室内环境空气品质主观评价的调查,以及对目前社会比较关注的空气中PM2.5的浓度进行室内外环境的检测,以全面了解目前办公楼宇集中空调卫生现状。结果目前投入运行的办公楼宇集中空调通风系统办理建设项目卫生学评价和竣工验收手续的单位较少,存在新风未能直接来自室外、空调机房兼作混合箱等设计方面的缺陷；管理人员对空调卫生管理知识掌握不够,卫生意识淡薄,卫生档案管理和卫生制度未能建立完善,对新风的正常供应、冷却水的消毒意义等基本卫生知识掌握不够；空调日常运行维护措施不到位,清洗消毒仅限于空调过滤净化设施设备(过滤网、过滤器和净化器)和送、回、新、排风口及冷却塔,冷却水缺乏持续消毒措施,风管积尘、积尘微生物、冷却水嗜肺军团菌等指标超标情况比较严重；室内工作人员对空气品质的主观评价不佳；由于受室内吸烟等其他因素的影响,室内PM2.5的平均浓度明显高于室外空气中PM2.5的平均浓度。结论规范办公楼宇集中空调的卫生管理,提升环境品质,首先应当从立法入手,明确办公楼宇集中空调系统的管理标准和要求,从法制上加以固定和约束；应加强对新、改、扩建等集中空调办公项目的卫生学评价和竣工验收,从源头上对空调设计、布局、防护进行把关；应重视培训和学习,提高管理人员的卫生意识和自身业务素质,整体提升集中空调系统运行管理水平；最后,政府相关职能部门须加强卫生监督执法的力度,加大对违法行为的查处,对集中空调通风系统实行全过程的监管和指导,确保集中空调系统规范运行管理。而降低办公室内空气中PM2.5的浓度,除了要提升过滤级别,加强控烟宣传,杜绝办公楼宇室内吸烟是有效手段。
[Abstract]:Purpose Through the investigation and study of the central air conditioning and ventilation system in some office buildings, we can understand the layout, personnel system, daily operation and maintenance and management of the air conditioning system in the office buildings at present. To grasp the sanitary status of air conditioning system and the sanitary quality of indoor environment, to find out the problems existing in the sanitary management of central air conditioning in office buildings and to find out the main factors that affect the sanitary quality of office environment, and to carry out targeted analysis and discussion. In order to improve the management ability and hygienic safety level of central air conditioning in office buildings, the effective measures and methods are sought to provide reference for the health supervision and guidance of health administrative departments. Method In this study, 6 office buildings with central air conditioning were randomly selected to understand the history of the air conditioning system by reading the air conditioning design drawings, completion and acceptance data, and using the form of questionnaire to analyze the types of central air conditioners. To investigate the quantity and components of the air conditioning system, and to understand the composition structure, professional knowledge, hygiene management consciousness and daily operation and maintenance management of the management personnel through on-site inquiries and key control point checks. At the same time, the hygienic quality of the central air conditioning system and the environmental quality in the office were tested on the spot, and the subjective evaluation of indoor air quality was investigated by some office personnel. The concentration of PM2.5 in the air which is concerned by the society at present is detected in the indoor and outdoor environment in order to understand the sanitary status of central air conditioning in office buildings. Result At present, the central air conditioning and ventilation system of office buildings has fewer units to handle the sanitary evaluation and acceptance procedures of the construction project, and there are some defects in the design of the fresh air which can not come directly from the outside, and the air-conditioner room is also used as the mixing box. The knowledge of air conditioning hygiene management was not enough, the hygiene consciousness was weak, the health file management and health system were not perfect, the normal supply of fresh air and the significance of disinfection of cooling water were not enough. Air conditioning daily operation and maintenance measures are not in place, cleaning and disinfection is limited to air conditioning filtration and purification facilities (filters, filters and purifiers) and delivery, return, new, vent and cooling tower, cooling water lack of continuous disinfection measures, duct dust, Dust accumulation microbes, cooling water and other indicators such as Legionella pneumophila are more serious; indoor workers' subjective evaluation of air quality is not good; due to the influence of other factors such as indoor smoking, The average concentration of indoor PM2.5 was significantly higher than that of PM2.5 in outdoor air. Conclusion To standardize the hygienic management of central air conditioning in office buildings and to improve the environmental quality, we should first of all start with legislation, clarify the management standards and requirements of the central air conditioning system in office buildings, fix and restrain them from the legal system, strengthen the reform of the new air conditioning system, The hygienic evaluation and completion acceptance of the central air-conditioning office project, such as expansion, should be carried out from the source to check the design, layout and protection of the air conditioning, and attention should be paid to training and study to improve the health awareness and professional quality of the management personnel. Finally, the relevant government departments should strengthen the health supervision and law enforcement, increase the investigation and punishment of illegal acts, and implement the whole process of supervision and guidance to the central air conditioning and ventilation system. Ensure standard operation and management of central air conditioning system. In order to reduce the concentration of PM2.5 in office air, it is necessary to enhance the filtering level, strengthen tobacco control publicity and eliminate indoor smoking in office buildings.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R126.4

【参考文献】