2001～2011年兰州市城区3～6岁儿童生长发育趋势分析

发布时间：2018-05-29 19:22

本文选题：生长发育 + 学龄前儿童　；参考：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的调查分析兰州市城区3-6岁儿童2001-2011年的体检资料,从而研究该人群较长期(11年)的生长发育变化趋势,找出依然存在的或新出现的影响其机能发挥的突出体格发育障碍,为制定促进该人群健康成长的区域性和国内策略提供指导依据。方法根据兰州市地理、社会功能区特征、参考幼儿园公私立等性质,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,在兰州市城区不同功能区随机抽取3个以上幼儿园(至少包括办学条件较好、中等、较差的幼儿园各一个),共选取67所幼儿园儿童为调查对象。以身高、体重及身体质量指数(BMI)为主要指标分析其变化趋势。以年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)和身高别体重Z评分(WHZ)三项指标筛查其生长迟缓、低体重、超重、消瘦和肥胖检出情况并分析变化趋势。对体检资料同时进行横向(同一年龄组)及纵向(随年龄增长)的体格发育情况比较分析,并与2005年九市城区七岁以下儿童生长水平进行比较。结果12001～2011年间身高、体重变化情况 1.1纵向分析发现,该人群男女身高、体重总体上随年龄增长而增长,符合儿童一般生长发育规律。 1.2横向比较发现,该人群各年龄组男女身高、体重增幅均较明显(P0.05),且男童(1.7cm,2.3kg)快于女童(1.2cm,0.7kg)(P0.05),表现出明显的性别、年龄差异。其中,3岁组男童身高、体重与年份均存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.612,P0.05；rs=0.776,P0.05),身高平均增长速度为0.19%,体重平均增长速度为0.49%；女童只有身高与年份存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.630,P0.05),平均增长速度为0.07%。 4岁组只有男童体重与年份存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.722,P0.05),平均增长速度为0.44%。 5岁组男童身高、体重与年份均存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.606,P0.05；rs=0.719,P0.05),平均增长速度分别为0.13%和0.65%。 6-7岁组男童身高、体重与年份均存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.647,P0.05：rs=0.700,P0.05),平均增长速度分别为0.03%和1.14%。 22001～2011年间BMI P50变化情况横向比较,各年龄组儿童BMI P50与年份无相关性。纵向比较有随年龄增加逐渐减小的趋势,身高的增速快于体重。 32001～2011年间Z评分情况 3.1调查对象11年间Z评分情况进行比较,各年龄组Z评分均有统计学差异(P0.05)。其中,3岁和4岁组儿童HAZ评分与年份均存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.766,P0.05；rs=0.725,P0.05),平均增长速度分别为7.96%和1.90%；3-6岁组儿童HAZ评分亦与年份存在线性正相关关系(rs=0.693,P0.05),平均增长速度为3.98%。 3.2Z评分判断营养不良和超重、肥胖检出情况横向比较：11年间调查对象各年龄组超重检出率及各年龄组(除3岁组)肥胖检出率在各年份间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并呈逐渐增加的趋势；各年龄组生长迟缓及消瘦检出率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)；3岁组和4岁组儿童低体重检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而5岁组和6-7岁组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05) 纵向比较：11年间(除2001年)调查对象超重检出率各年龄组间比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),且随年龄增长检出率呈逐渐减小的趋势；而肥胖检出率各年龄组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)；2002、2008、2009、2011年的低体重检出率以及2006、2007年的消瘦检出率各年龄组间比较有统计学差异(P0.05),其余各年份的低体重和消瘦检出率不同年龄组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)；11年间,调查对象生长迟缓检出率各年龄组间比较2003、2004、2005、2010年差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其余各年份的生长迟缓检出率各年龄组间比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。其中,3岁组儿童低体重与年份存在线性负相关关系(rs=-0.612,P0.05),平均下降速度为11.34%；5岁组儿童超重、肥胖与年份均存在线性正相关关系,(rs=0.880,P0.05；rs=0.725,P0.05),平均增长速度分别为5.38%和4.60%。结论整体而言该人群近十年来生长发育变化明显,呈现快速增长趋势,体格发育中存在的传统问题如：生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦等在逐渐改善。但也出现与其他地域人群类似如超重、肥胖等新的体格发育障碍问题,即营养不良与营养过剩并存。提示在制定与实施针对该人群成长的区域性和国内健康促进策略中,应在注重营养不良问题改善的同时高度关注营养过剩的体格发育障碍问题,托幼机构与家庭要着力培养儿童良好的生活习惯,注意膳食营养均衡和适当增加儿童户外活动时间,同时强化社会性健康教育,从社会、家庭、托幼机构等多方面关注儿童成长。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the physical examination data of 3-6 year old children in Lanzhou city for 2001-2011 years, so as to study the growth and development trend of the population for a long time (11 years), and to find out the outstanding physical development obstacles that still exist or emerging to affect its function, so as to provide guidance for the formulation of regional and domestic strategies to promote the healthy growth of the population. Basis.
Methods according to the characteristics of Lanzhou city geography, social function area and the nature of public and private kindergartens, stratified random cluster sampling was adopted to randomly select 3 or more kindergartens in different functional areas of Lanzhou city (at least one of the children's kindergartens with better conditions, medium and poor). A total of 67 kindergartens were selected as the investigation. The change trend was analyzed with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) as the main index. Three indexes, age height Z score (HAZ), age body weight Z score (WAZ) and weight Z score (WHZ), were used to screen their growth retardation, low weight, overweight, emaciation and obesity, and analyze the trend of change. The physical development of the horizontal (the same age group) and the vertical (with age increase) was compared and analyzed, and compared with the growth level of children under seven years of age in the urban area of nine in 2005.
Results the change of height and weight in 12001~2011 years
1.1 longitudinal analysis showed that the height and weight of males and females in general increased with age and accords with children's general growth and development law.
1.2 horizontal comparison found that the height and weight gain of men and women in all age groups were more obvious (P0.05), and boys (1.7cm, 2.3kg) were faster than girls (1.2cm, 0.7kg) (P0.05), showing significant gender and age differences.
Among them, there was a linear positive correlation between the height, weight and year of the 3 year old boys (rs=0.612, P0.05; rs=0.776, P0.05), the average height growth rate was 0.19%, the average growth rate of body weight was 0.49%, and there was only a linear positive correlation between the height and the year of the girls (rs=0.630, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 0.07%.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in the 4 year old group (rs=0.722, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.44%.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in boys aged 5 years (rs=0.606, P0.05, rs=0.719, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.13% and 0.65%. respectively.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in boys aged 6-7 years (rs=0.647, P0.05:rs=0.700, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.03% and 1.14%. respectively.
Changes in BMI P50 during 22001~2011 years
Transverse comparison showed that there was no correlation between BMI P50 and age in children of different age groups. The longitudinal comparison tended to decrease with age, and the growth rate of body height was faster than that of body weight.
32001~2011 years' Z score
3.1 the Z score of the subjects in the 11 years was compared, and the Z scores of all age groups were statistically different (P0.05).
Among the 3 and 4 years old children, there were linear positive correlation (rs=0.766, P0.05, rs=0.725, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 7.96% and 1.90%, respectively, and the HAZ score of 3-6 year old children had linear positive correlation with the year (rs=0.693, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 3.98%.
3.2Z score was used to detect malnutrition, overweight and obesity.
Horizontal comparison: the prevalence of overweight detection in all age groups and age groups (except 3 years old) in each age group in 11 years was statistically significant (P0.05), and increased gradually. The difference of growth retardation and emaciation detection rate in all age groups was statistically significant (P0.05), and the low weight detection of children in 3 and 4 years old groups was detected. The difference was not statistically significant (P0.05), but there was significant difference between the 5 year old group and the 6-7 year old group (P0.05).
Longitudinal comparison: in 11 years (except 2001), there was a statistical difference between all age groups (P0.05), and the detection rate decreased with age, but the detection rate of obesity was not statistically significant (P0.05), and the rate of low weight detection and 2006200 in 2002200820092011 years was 2006200. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups in the 7 years (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the low weight and emaciation rates among the other years (P0.05). In the 11 years, there was no significant difference between the 2003200420052010 years of the detection rate of growth retardation (P0.05) in the 11 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of growth retardation in each age group (P0.05). Among them, there was a linear negative correlation between the low weight and the year of the 3 year old group (rs=-0.612, P0.05), the average descent rate was 11.34%, the 5 year old children were overweight, and the obesity was positively correlated with the year, (rs=0.880, P0.05; rs=0.725, P0.05). The average growth rate is 5.38% and 4.60%., respectively.
Conclusion as a whole, the growth and development of the population in the past ten years is obvious, showing a rapid growth trend. The traditional problems in physical development, such as growth retardation, low weight, and emaciation, are gradually improving. However, new physical development disorders like overweight and obesity, such as overweight and obesity, are also found in the population, that is, malnutrition and overnutrition. It is suggested that in the formulation and implementation of regional and domestic health promotion strategies for the growth of the population, we should pay attention to the improvement of malnutrition and pay high attention to the problem of physical development in excess of nutrition. The kindergartens and families should focus on cultivating good habits of children, and pay attention to the balance of dietary nutrition and appropriate increase in children's nutrition. Children's outdoor activity time, and strengthen social health education, from the community, family, nurseries and other aspects of child development.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

【参考文献】