北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水和淋浴水军团菌污染调查及基因检测分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 21:31

本文选题：集中空调 + 淋浴水　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：军团菌广泛存在于自然界的水和土壤中,但对人类健康存在潜在危害的主要是人工水系统中的军团菌。军团菌病是一种急性呼吸道传染病,常由于吸入含军团菌的气溶胶而感染,病死率高,易暴发流行。本研究分以下三个部分对北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水和淋浴水军团菌开展污染调查及基因检测分析,以了解当前北京某城区大型酒店集中空调军团菌污染状况及卫生管理情况,为卫生行政部门完善立法、加强监督管理提供依据。第一部分北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水和淋浴水军团菌污染现况调查目的了解北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水和淋浴水军团菌污染现况。方法随机抽取北京某城区三星级以上酒店29个,采集冷却水45件,冷凝水13件,淋浴水29件进行嗜肺军团菌检测,并用军团菌诊断抗血清试剂进行血清型的鉴定。结果29个酒店有17个酒店检出嗜肺军团菌(酒店嗜肺军团菌检出率为58.62%)；冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率为40%,冷凝水嗜肺军团菌阳性率为7.7%,淋浴水嗜肺军团菌阳性率为24.1%；分离的菌株按血清菌型分Lp。型占50%,淋浴水中Lp,型占14.3%。结论北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水和淋浴水军团菌污染现状不容乐观,建议酒店加强消毒和卫生管理,卫生行政部门加大监测和监督执法力度。第二部分北京某城区大型酒店集中空调卫生管理研究目的了解北京某城区大型酒店集中空调循环水系统卫生管理状况。方法随机抽取北京某城区三星级以上酒店29个,对集中空调循环水系统卫生管理状况进行问卷调查,并用SPSS软件对调查问卷结果进行统计分析。结果冷却水军团菌检测频率、机房环境卫生状况都是影响军团菌污染状况的因素；79.3%的酒店对淋浴水不消毒,淋浴水是被监管部门以及使用单位都忽视的危险因素。建议对酒店集中空调卫生管理状况开展综合性的评估,有针对性、有重点的开展监督监测,并完善相关法律法规,加强对从业人员的军团菌防控知识宣传和培训。第三部分北京某城区大型酒店集中空调军团菌基因检测及特征分析目的了解集中空调循环水系统及淋浴水系统分离菌株的基因特征及遗传背景,可作为进一步研究北京市军团菌污染现况的基础数据,也为判定可能的污染和监督监测提供了依据。方法对北京某城区大型酒店采集的水样,经嗜肺军团菌分离培养得到29株嗜肺军团菌和9株可疑菌株。利用普通PCR技术对军团菌属16S rRNA基因进行扩增,同时对扩增产物进行基因测序和比对。结果38株分离菌株成功测序37株,包括军团菌34株,奈瑟氏球菌1株,弗朗西斯菌2株。从基因水平再次验证该城区大型酒店集中空调军团菌污染情况不容乐观。
[Abstract]:Legionella is widely found in water and soil in nature, but it is mainly Legionella in artificial water system that has potential harm to human health. Legionella disease is an acute respiratory infectious disease, which is often infected by inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella. In this study, the following three parts were carried out to investigate the contamination and genetic analysis of Legionella in the centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water of a large hotel in a certain urban area of Beijing. In order to understand the status of Legionella contamination and hygiene management in a large hotel in Beijing, it can provide basis for health administration to perfect legislation and strengthen supervision and management. Part one investigation of Legionella contamination in centralized Air-Conditioned circulating Water and shower Water of a large Hotel in Beijing Objective to investigate the status of Legionella contamination in centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water in a large hotel in Beijing. Methods Forty-five pieces of cooling water, 13 pieces of condensate water and 29 samples of shower water were collected randomly from 29 hotels above three stars in a certain city of Beijing for the detection of Legionella pneumophila, and the serotypes of Legionella serotype were identified with the diagnostic antiserum reagent of Legionella. Results Legionella pneumophila was detected in 17 hotels in 29 hotels (the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 58.62% in the hotel, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 40%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in condensed water was 7.7%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in shower water was 24.1%). The isolated strains were divided into Lp. according to the serotype. Type 50, shower water Lp, type 14. 3. Conclusion the present situation of Legionella contamination in centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water in a large hotel in Beijing is not optimistic. It is suggested that the hotel should strengthen disinfection and hygiene management and the health administration department should strengthen the monitoring and supervision of law enforcement. The second part: study on the hygienic Management of centralized Air-conditioning in a large Hotel in a certain Urban area of Beijing Objective to understand the sanitary management of centralized air-conditioning circulating water system in a large-scale hotel in Beijing. Methods A total of 29 hotels with three stars and above in a certain city of Beijing were randomly selected to investigate the sanitary management status of central air conditioning circulating water system. The results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Results the detection frequency of Legionella in cooling water and the environmental hygiene condition of the computer room were all the factors affecting the contamination of Legionella. 79.3% of the hotels did not disinfect the shower water, and the shower water was the risk factor neglected by the supervision department and the users. It is suggested to carry out comprehensive assessment of the hygienic management of centralized air conditioning in hotels, to carry out supervision and monitoring, to improve the relevant laws and regulations, and to strengthen the propaganda and training of legionella prevention and control knowledge of employees. The third part is the gene detection and characteristic analysis of Legionella in a large hotel in Beijing. Objective to study the genetic characteristics and genetic background of isolates isolated from centralized air conditioning circulating water system and shower water system, which can be used as the basic data for further study of Legionella contamination in Beijing. It also provides the basis for judging possible pollution and monitoring. Methods 29 strains of Legionella pneumophila and 9 strains of suspected strains were isolated from water samples collected from a large hotel in Beijing. The 16s rRNA gene of Legionella was amplified by common PCR technique, and the amplified products were sequenced and compared. Results 37 strains of 38 isolates were sequenced successfully, including 34 strains of Legionella, 1 strain of Neisseria and 2 strains of Francis. The genetic level once again verifies that the contamination of Legionella in the large hotels in this city is not optimistic.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R126.4

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