上海市社区全科医生吸烟状况及控烟行为调查

发布时间：2018-06-04 02:33

本文选题：社区 + 全科医生　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究意义：烟草流行是世界上最严重的公共卫生问题之一。吸烟危害人类的健康,是众多疾病的重要危险因素。医生作为健康的维护者,在预防和控制烟草流行工作中起着重要作用。全科医生作为基层医疗的主要执行者,是社区人群预防烟草相关疾病的中坚力量,也是我国开展控烟干预非常有力的实施者之一。但社区全科医生的吸烟状况如何,其控烟行为能力如何,影响其提供控烟行为的相关因素有哪些,目前此类的研究较少。本研究通过对上海市部分社区卫生服务中心的全科医生进行调查,了解、分析其吸烟状况、控烟行为,分析两者的关系,对降低社区全科医生吸烟率、提高其控烟意识和行为能力具有重要意义,同时也为社区全科医生今后开展控烟服务及为有关卫生行政部门制定相关控烟政策提供依据。研究目的：了解上海市社区全科医生的吸烟状况及控烟行为,分析相关影响因素以及吸烟状况及控烟行为的关系,为进一步降低社区全科医生吸烟率、提高其控烟意识和行为能力提供参考依据,也为今后开展社区控烟服务及有关卫生行政部门制定相关控烟政策提供科学依据。研究方法：采用横断面调查的方法。研究结果：一、全科医生吸烟状况 1.一般情况：调查的全科医生总吸烟率为17.4%,其中男性吸烟率为46.2%,男性现在吸烟率为33.3%,女性吸烟率为0.3%,女性现在吸烟率为0.0%。 2.不同因素对男性全科医生吸烟状况的影响：男性吸烟率明显高于女性；本科及以上学历者的男性吸烟率明显低于中专和大专学历者；不同年龄组的男性全科医生吸烟率没有统计学差异；不同工作类别的男性吸烟率没有统计学差异；不同职称的男性全科医生吸烟率没有统计学差异。二、全科医生中男性经常吸烟者吸烟状况 1.烟龄吸烟年龄多开始于21-30岁,占56.4%,20岁及之前开始吸烟的占36.4%。烟龄最短5年,最长40年,平均为23年。 2.吸烟原因依次为吸烟习惯成自然,缓解工作压力,社交需要和消磨时间。 3.平均吸烟量每天平均吸10支及以下占51.9%。 4.尼古丁依赖程度很低依赖程度的占52.7%。 5.戒烟及其使用方法目前已戒烟医生人数为25人,戒烟率占28.7%,医生的戒烟方法依次为依靠自我毅力、接受心理治疗和使用药物治疗。三、全科医生提供控烟服务行为的状况 1.32.7%的全科医生在工作中经常主动询问患者吸烟情况；55.0%的全科医生在工作中经常劝诫患者戒烟；24.5%的全科医生在工作中经常询问患者戒烟意愿； 2.全科医生控烟服务时间：在实际工作中,全科医生提供控烟服务时间多在3分钟以下,占53.5%,认为控烟烟服务时间最可行是1-3分钟,占33.5%。 3.全科医生在工作中加入有关控烟服务行为的意愿：绝大多数医生(83.9%)愿意在工作中注意加入控烟服务行为,现在不吸烟的全科医生比现在吸烟者更愿意在日常工作中做控烟工作。四、全科医生吸烟状况与其控烟行为的关系在调查对象中,现在不吸烟者在有时或经常进行控烟询问、建议、评估方面的比例高于现在吸烟者。结论：此次调查的全科医生的吸烟率相比国外控烟成功的国家较高,全科医生在询问、建议、评估等控烟行为方面还不足,控烟服务能力有待提高,有必要在政策上对其控烟工作予以足够的支持,针对性地对全科医生进行控烟宣传教育和培训,降低其吸烟率,提高其控烟的知识、意识和技能,促进控烟工作的开展。
[Abstract]:Research significance:
Tobacco epidemic is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. Smoking endangers human health and is an important risk factor for many diseases. As a healthy maintainer, doctors play an important role in preventing and controlling tobacco epidemic. As the chief executive of grass-roots medical care, the general practitioner is a community population prevention of tobacco related issues. The backbone of the disease is also one of the most powerful implementers of tobacco control in China. However, how the smoking status of the community general practitioners, how their smoking control ability is, what related factors affect the smoking control and the current research are less. This study has passed the whole community health service center in Shanghai. It is of great significance for the doctors to investigate, understand and analyze their smoking status, smoking control and analysis of the relationship between them. It is of great significance to reduce the smoking rate of community general practitioners and improve their smoking control awareness and behavior ability. It also provides a basis for the community general practitioners to carry out tobacco control and to formulate relevant policies for tobacco control in the health administration department.
The purpose of the study is:
To understand the smoking status and smoking control of community general practitioners in Shanghai, analyze the related factors and the relationship between smoking status and smoking control, to provide reference for further reducing the smoking rate of community general practitioners, improving their smoking control awareness and behavior ability, and also for the future development of community smoking control and health administrative department system. It provides a scientific basis for the policy of controlling tobacco control.
Research methods:
The method of cross-sectional investigation was adopted.
The results of the study:
First, the smoking status of the general practitioner
1. general situation: the total smoking rate of the general practitioner is 17.4%, of which the male smoking rate is 46.2%, the male current smoking rate is 33.3%, the female smoking rate is 0.3%, the female smoking rate is 0.0%. now.
2. the influence of different factors on the smoking status of the male general practitioner: the male smoking rate was significantly higher than that of the female; the male smoking rate of the undergraduate and above education was significantly lower than that of the secondary school and the junior college education; the smoking rate of the male general practitioners in different age groups was not statistically different; the smoking rate of the men in different work types was not statistically poor. There was no significant difference in smoking rates among male general practitioners with different professional titles.
Two, smoking status among male smokers in general practitioners
1. smoking age began at 21-30 years old, accounting for 56.4%, and 20 years old and before smoking accounted for 36.4%. for the shortest 5 years, the longest 40 years, with an average of 23 years.
2. the reason for smoking is natural habit of smoking, relieving work pressure, social needs and killing time.
3. the average smoking volume is 10 and 51.9%. per day.
4. nicotine dependence is very low, and the degree of dependence is 52.7%..
5. the number of smoking cessation and the use of smoking cessation doctors is 25, the rate of smoking cessation is 28.7%. The methods of smoking cessation by doctors are in turn by relying on self determination, receiving psychological treatment and using drug treatment.
Three, the status of a general practitioner to provide a smoking control
1.32.7% general practitioners often ask for smoking in their work; 55% of the general practitioners often advise patients to quit smoking; 24.5% of the general practitioners often ask the patient to quit smoking.
2. general practitioner smoking control time: in actual work, the general practitioner provides more than 3 minutes for tobacco control, accounting for 53.5%. The most feasible service time for tobacco control is 1-3 minutes, accounting for 33.5%.
3. general practitioners are willing to join the work of smoking control in their work: the overwhelming majority of doctors (83.9%) are willing to pay attention to the behavior of smoking control in their work, and the non smoking general practitioners are more willing to do tobacco control in their daily work than those who are now smokers.
Four, the relationship between smoking status and smoking behavior among general practitioners
Among the respondents, non-smokers sometimes ask for tobacco control inquiries at times or frequently, and the proportion of assessment is higher than that of current smokers.
Conclusion:
The smoking rate of the general practitioner in this survey is higher than that in the country with successful foreign tobacco control. The general practitioner is still inadequate in asking, recommending, assessing, and so on. The ability to control the tobacco control needs to be improved. It is necessary to support the tobacco control work adequately in policy and to educate and train the general practitioner. Reduce their smoking rate, improve their knowledge, awareness and skills of tobacco control, and promote the development of tobacco control.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R163

【参考文献】