0～2岁儿童父母育儿评估量表编制及方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 00:04

  本文选题：婴幼儿 + 养育　； 参考：《北京协和医学院》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：[目的] 0-2岁是儿童生长发育的“窗口期”,此期父母的养育质量直接关系到儿童期甚至成年后的发展结局。目前国内0～2岁儿童养育测评工具极少,且仅从孤立的角度出发对养育加以测量；从国外直接引进的育儿量表跨文化差异性较大。故本研究的目的是：①编制适合中国国情的、能全面评价0-2岁儿童养育质量的评价量表；②分别采取两种提取共同因素的方法,探索更适合于编制育儿评价量表的方法；③验证研究假设,即0-2岁儿童父母育儿评估量表(PAT)得分会影响儿童多方面的神经心理发育及体格发育。[方法] 采用逻辑法构建0-2岁儿童父母养育测量维度及PAT条目库,通过一般性筛选和试验性测试筛选条目,建立PAT初稿并进行预试(n=284)。在提取因素阶段分别采用2种方法编制2个量表：第一种方法采用探索性因素分析法进行项目分析,提取共同因素,编出若干同质量表。第二种方法即采用逻辑法,即由专家将婴幼儿养育的定义操作化为若干个维度,并把相关的条目归到对应的养育维度,每个维度即形成一个因素。如果多于2/3的专家认为某一条目不对应于任何一个因素,则删除该条目。然后进行大规模正式调查(n=607),利用正式调查的数据用验证性因素分析法进行模型评估及信效度检验。其中校标关联效度检验选择0～6岁儿童神经心理发育量表作为效标,计算PAT各个因素及总量表得分与0～6岁儿童神经心理发育量表的5个领域分值及年龄别体重的偏相关系数。[结果] 根据专题小组讨论内容及专家咨询结果,结合国内外有关文献描述及已有的婴幼儿养育量表,编制了含有78个条目的PAT条目库。通过条目筛选,形成含有50个条目的PAT初稿。通过项目分析及探索性因素分析生成特征根1的因素9个,结合碎石图最终提取7个因素,形成PAT Ⅰ测试版。专家采用逻辑法提出0～2岁儿童养育测量的10个维度,并通过条目评价,形成PATⅡ测试版。通过模型评估和模型修正,确立PAT Ⅰ(共含有7个因素、34个条目)和PATⅡ(共含有8个因素、36个条目)。两个量表模型结构均拟合良好,内在一致性信度、重测信度及内容效度、结构效度均较好。PATⅠ因素关注、父母陪伴、养育关系与儿童神经心理发育呈正相关,因素健康/安全与儿童的年龄别体重呈正相关,效标关联效度欠满意；且有些条目在意义上似乎和所归属的因素没有任何相关性。PATⅡ因素育儿观念、关注、亲子关系、语言刺激、外出活动与儿童神经心理发育呈正相关,因素喂养、安全与儿童的年龄别体重呈正相关,效标关联效度较满意。[结论] 获得了较为满意的0～2岁儿童父母育儿评估量表即PATⅡ,该量表可以作为评价中国0～2岁儿童父母养育质量的有用工具。与采用探索性因素分析法相比,采用逻辑法编制育儿评估量表可能更容易建立若干同质量表,更利于提高育儿评估量表的效标效度。
[Abstract]:[purpose] 0-2 years old is the "window period" of children's growth and development. The quality of parental rearing in this period is directly related to the development outcome of childhood and even adulthood. At present, there are very few parental measurement tools for 2-year-old children in China, and they are only measured from an isolated point of view, and the child-rearing scale imported directly from abroad has a great cross-cultural difference. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a scale for evaluating the upbringing quality of children aged 0-2 years old in China by using two methods to extract common factors, and to explore a more suitable method for compiling a child-rearing evaluation scale. (3) to verify the hypothesis that the score of Parental Parental Assessment scale (Parental Assessment scale) of 0-2 years old children will affect the neuropsychological development and physical development of children in many aspects. [methods] The dimension of parental rearing measurement and the PAT item database of 0-2 years old children were constructed by logical method. Through general screening and experimental test, the first draft of PAT was established and the pre-test was carried out. In the stage of extracting factors, two scales were compiled by two methods: the first method was to analyze items by exploratory factor analysis, extract common factors, and make out some homogeneity scales. The second method is logic method, that is, the definition and operation of infant and child rearing is transformed into several dimensions by experts, and the related items are classified to the corresponding nurturing dimension, each dimension forms a factor. If more than two-thirds of experts believe that an entry does not correspond to any one factor, delete that entry. Then a large-scale formal investigation was carried out, and the model evaluation and reliability validity test were carried out using the formal survey data by confirmatory factor analysis. According to the correlation validity test of school standard, the neuropsychological development scale for children aged 0 ~ 6 years was selected as the effective standard, and the scores of each factor and total scale of PAT were calculated, and the partial correlation coefficient of age and weight was calculated between the scores of 5 domains and the age and weight of 0 ~ 6 years old children's neuropsychological development scale. [results] According to the contents of the panel discussion and the results of the expert consultation, combined with the domestic and foreign literature description and the existing infant and child rearing scale, the PAT item database containing 78 items was compiled. Through item screening, a first draft of PAT containing 50 entries is formed. Through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 9 factors were generated to form characteristic root 1, and 7 factors were extracted from lithotripsy to form PAT I test version. The expert uses the logic method to put forward the 10 dimensions of the 2-year-old children's rearing measurement, and through the item evaluation, forms the PAT 鈪，

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