大学生食品营养标签K-A-P调查及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-09 03:30

本文选题：大学生 + 食品营养标签　；参考：《暨南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的通过对广州高校大学生对食品营养标签认知、态度和相关行为（Knowledge-Attitude-Practice，K-A-P）的现况调查，分析和探讨影响大学生食品营养标签K-A-P的因素，为有针对性的开展大学生食品营养标签普及教育和正确使用营养标签合理选择食品提供科学依据，并为完善和修订我国食品营养标签相关规定提供有价值的信息。方法采取随机整群抽样调查方法，选取广州市暨南大学、华南师范大学和南方医科大学三所高校，共计2000名大学生作为调查样本。采用自行设计《大学生食品营养标签知、信、行调查》问卷，应用描述性统计学方法、2检验和非条件Logistic回归统计学方法进行调查数据分析。结果 1.大学生食品营养标签相关营养知识平均得分为13.1±2.9，及格率为53.1%，其中女生营养知识得分明显高于男生（P0.05）；内招生营养知识得分明显高于外招生（P0.05）；医药类学生的营养知识得分最高，其次为理工和文科，艺术类学生得分最低（P0.05）；家庭人均月收入在1500~2500元之间的学生营养知识得分最高；大学生对食品营养标签相关营养知识内容中食物的营养成分、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、膳食纤维及胆固醇的主要功能、高能量摄入容易导致肥胖和心血管疾病、佝偻病与缺钙有关、高血压与摄入盐多有关等知识有一定了解，知晓率均超过50%，但对碳水化合物保肝解毒作用、动物脑含胆固醇最高、高能量摄入容易导致结肠癌、推荐摄入量(RNI)的知晓率很低，均未超过16%；对“中国居民膳食指南”知晓率仅为29.3%；大学生的营养知识来源主要是书籍、报刊或杂志（75.8%）和网络（60.3%），其次是电视广播（54.9%）、学校课堂（50.2%）和食品标签（43.6%），，再次为亲人（38.8%）、同学（26.9%）和培训（7.7%）以及其他途径（1.9%）。不同性别、生源地、专业及家庭月人均收入之间在营养知识来源上存在差异。 2.大学生对食品营养标签的知晓率为52.6%，其中外招生高于内招生、医药类高于其它专业类学生（P0.05）；对食品营养标签的两项内容全部答对率为29.4%；对营养素参考值(NRV)的知晓率为48.5%，其中医药类高于其它专业类学生（P0.05）；大学生对某种方便面“钙有助于骨骼和牙齿的健康”营养声称的理解与营养知识呈明显的相关性，营养知识与持该方便面“高钙，考虑购买”的观点呈负相关，与认为“需参考其他营养成分”，“高脂高钠、最好不吃”以及“虚假信息”的理解呈正相关。 3.87%大学生认为预包装食品有必要标注食品营养标签，认为有必要态度的女生明显高于男生、内招生明显高于外招生（P0.05）；63.4%的大学生表示信任食品营养标签内容，其中医药类学生最高，其次为文科类和理科类学生，艺术类最低（P0.05）。单因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示，大学生对营养标签标注的必要性和信任度与其营养知识得分呈正相关关系。 4.大学生经常使用营养标签的比率仅占37.8%，其中想要了解食物的营养成分，判断该食品是否有利健康的学生占74.7%，为获得该食品的相关营养知识的占60.0%，看是否含有病人禁忌的成分，以减少疾病诱发因素的占69.1%，用食品营养标签指导减肥或控制体重的占32.2%；大学生对预包装食品营养标签中营养信息部分关注度最高的为富含膳食纤维（61.1%），其次为高钙（59.3%）和高蛋白（51.9%），关注度最低的为全脂（15.7%）。不同性别、生源地、专业和家庭人均月收入大学生在使用营养标签的目的和对营养信息关注度上存在明显差异（P0.05）；43.4%的大学生认为食品营养标签对今后膳食选择有影响，43.5%的大学生则表示影响不大，今后选购预包装食品时仍会将口味和食品品牌放在第一位，13.1%的大学生认为没有影响；多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示，营养知识得分高、知道营养标签、对标注营养标签的态度积极以及信任营养标签内容4个因素为影响大学生使用食品营养标签的重要保护因素。结论 1.大学生对食品营养标签相关营养知识有一定了解，但不全面；营养知识来源渠道多源，书籍、报刊、杂志和网络是其主要渠道；不同性别、生源地、专业及家庭月人均收入之间在营养知识得分、知晓率和来源上存在明显差异。提示在大学生中普及食品营养标签相关知识是必要的，但针对他们群体的特点，性别、生源地、专业的不同，普及营养知识的方式要多元化和个性化，普及内容要有所侧重，以真正达到普及营养知识的目的。 2.尽管有部分大学生知道食品营养标签的名词，但真正了解营养标签内容的大学生很少，营养知识是影响大学生正确理解食品营养标签声称内容的重要因素。 3.大学生对预包装食品有必要标注食品营养标签和信任食品营养标签内容的态度上表现很好，但经常使用营养标签的比例却不高，有相当一部分学生认为食品营养标签对今后膳食选择影响不大，仍会将口味和食品品牌作为选着预包装食品的首选依据。提示态度与使用行为不成正比。 4.大学生营养知识得分越高，对食品营养标签认知和态度越好、使用频率越高；营养知识得分高、知道营养标签、对标注营养标签的态度积极以及信任营养标签内容4个因素为影响大学生使用食品营养标签的重要保护因素。 5.不同性别、生源地、专业和家庭月人均收入的大学生对食品营养标签认知、态度和使用情况上均存在一定差别，提示在策划食品营养标签普及教育方案和指导大学生合理选择食物及搭配膳食时要因地制宜，有的放矢。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze and discuss the factors affecting the food nutrition label K-A-P of college students by investigating the status of food nutrition label cognition, attitude and related behavior (Knowledge-Attitude-Practice, K-A-P) of college students in Guangzhou. It provides scientific basis for selecting foods and provides valuable information for perfecting and revising the relevant provisions of food nutrition labelling in China.
Methods a random cluster sampling method was adopted to select three colleges and universities of Jinan University, South China Normal University and Southern Medical University in Guangzhou. A total of 2000 college students were selected as the survey samples. The self-designed "knowledge, letter, investigation, questionnaire, questionnaire, descriptive statistics, 2 test and unconditional Logistic regression) were adopted. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data.
Result
1. the average score of nutrition knowledge related to food nutrition labels of college students was 13.1 + 2.9, and the passing rate was 53.1%. Among them, the score of female nutrition knowledge was significantly higher than that of boys (P0.05); the score of nutrition knowledge in the enrolment was obviously higher than that of foreign students (P0.05); the nutrition knowledge of the students of medical students was the highest, followed by the science and arts, the art students scored the most. Low (P0.05); the highest score of nutritional knowledge among students per month of family per capita in 1500~2500 yuan; the main function of food nutrition, protein, carbohydrate, fat, dietary fiber and cholesterol in the nutrition knowledge content related to food nutrition labels. High energy intake easily leads to obesity and cardiovascular disease. The disease was related to calcium deficiency. The knowledge of hypertension and the intake of salt was more than 50%, but the effect of carbohydrate preservation and detoxification was highest in the animal brain. High energy intake was easy to lead to colon cancer. The awareness rate of recommended intake (RNI) was very low, not more than 16%. The dawn rate is only 29.3%; the main sources of nutrition knowledge for college students are books, newspapers or magazines (75.8%) and network (60.3%), followed by television broadcasting (54.9%), school classes (50.2%) and food labels (43.6%), again for relatives (38.8%), classmates (26.9%) and training (7.7%) and other channels (1.9%). Gender, birthplace, professional and family monthly per capita. There is a difference between the sources of income in the source of nutritional knowledge.
2. college students' awareness rate of food nutrition labels is 52.6%, which is higher than the enrolment, medical class is higher than other professional students (P0.05); the total answer rate of two items of food nutrition label is 29.4%, and the awareness rate of NRV is 48.5%, and the medicine class is higher than other professional students (P0.05); University The understanding of nutritional claims for a certain instant noodle "calcium helps the health of bones and teeth" is clearly associated with nutritional knowledge. Nutrition knowledge is negatively related to the view that "high calcium, consider buying" in the instant noodle, and "need to refer to other nutrients", "high fat, high sodium, best not to eat" and "false information". There is a positive correlation between understanding.
3.87% college students think that pre packaged food is necessary to label food nutrition labels, that women who have the necessary attitude are obviously higher than boys, and the enrolment is obviously higher than that of outside enrolment (P0.05); 63.4% of college students express the content of trust food nutrition labels, among which the students of medicine class are the highest in liberal arts and science classes, and the art class is the lowest (P0.05). Univariate and unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the nutritional labeling and the necessity and trust of college students.
4. the proportion of college students who often use nutrition labels is only 37.8%. Among them, they want to know the nutritional components of food, determine whether the health of the food is 74.7%, and the related nutrition knowledge of the food is 60%. Whether the taboo components of the patients are contained, 69.1% of the disease inducing factors are reduced, and the food nutrition label refers to the food nutrition label. Weight loss or weight control accounted for 32.2%. The highest concentration of nutritional information in pre packaged food nutrition labels was high dietary fiber (61.1%), followed by high calcium (59.3%) and high protein (51.9%), and the lowest level of attention was full fat (15.7%). The students in different sex, birthplace, professional and family income per month were used nutrition. There is a significant difference between the purpose of labeling and the degree of attention to nutrition information (P0.05); 43.4% of the college students believe that food nutrition labels have an impact on the choice of meals in the future, and 43.5% of the college students have little influence. In the future, the taste and food brands will be the first in the purchase of prepackaged foods, and 13.1% of the college students think there is no influence. The results of multi factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the high score of nutrition knowledge, the knowledge of nutrition labels, the positive attitude of tagging nutrition labels and the 4 factors of trust nutrition label content were important protection factors for the use of food nutrition labels for college students.
conclusion
1. college students have a certain understanding of the nutrition knowledge related to food nutrition labels, but not comprehensive; the sources of nutrition knowledge sources are many sources, books, newspapers, magazines and networks are its main channels; there are obvious differences in the score of nutrition knowledge, the awareness rate and the source of knowledge among the different sex, the source place, the professional and the family month per capita income. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge of food nutrition labels in students, but in view of the characteristics of their groups, sex, place of origin and specialty, the way of popularizing nutrition knowledge should be diversified and individualized, and the content of universal content should be emphasized so as to achieve the purpose of popularizing nutrition knowledge.
2. although some college students know the nouns of food nutrition labels, there are few college students who really know the content of nutrition labels. Nutrition knowledge is an important factor affecting the students' correct understanding of the content of food nutrition labels.
3. college students have a good attitude to the need to label food nutrition labels and trust food nutrition labels for pre packaged foods, but the proportion of regular use of nutritional labels is not high. A considerable number of students think that food nutrition labels have little impact on future dietary choices, and they will still choose the taste and food brands as pre packaged. The first choice for food is that attitude is not directly proportional to usage.
4. the higher the score of nutrition knowledge of college students, the better the cognition and attitude of food nutrition label, the higher the use frequency, the higher score of nutrition knowledge, the knowledge of nutrition label, the positive attitude of labeling nutrition label and the 4 factors of trust nutrition label content as the important protective factors for the use of food nutrition labels for college students.
5. there are some differences in the cognition, attitude and use of food nutrition labels among college students with different sex, birthplace, professional and family monthly income. It suggests that it is necessary to make the food nutrition label popularizing education scheme and guide college students to choose food and diet properly.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153

【参考文献】