中国中小学女生月经初潮年龄和月经模式调查分析

发布时间：2018-06-14 00:08

本文选题：月经初潮 + 青春期发育　；参考：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2017年03期

【摘要】：目的调查我国青春期在校女生月经初潮情况及初潮后月经模式的变化规律。方法采用分阶段整群抽样,对全国8个省城市和农村的5 981例小学五年级到高中三年级的女生进行计算机辅助的自填问卷调查,总结我国在校青春期女生月经初潮情况及初潮后月经模式的变化规律。结果共调查5 981例女生,平均月经初潮年龄为(12.7±0.0)岁,城市及农村女生初潮年龄分别为(12.4±0.0)岁和(13.0±0.0)岁(P0.01)。月经初潮到月经规律平均间隔时间为(1.2±0.0)年。按月经初潮后不同时间分层分析显示初潮后随时间推移规律周期比例无明显变化(P=0.33);经期4~7 d、经量适中的女生比例逐渐增加(P0.01);痛经发生率逐渐增加(P0.01),痛经程度逐渐加重(P0.01)。结论城市女生月经初潮年龄较农村女生提前0.6年;初潮1年后规律月经周期比例随时间推移无明显变化,经期及经量逐渐转变为性成熟女性模式;痛经比例及中重度痛经比例逐年增加。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the menarche of puberty schoolgirls and the change of menstrual pattern after menarche. Methods A total of 5 981 female students from the fifth grade to the third grade of senior middle school in 8 provinces and cities of China were investigated by computer assisted self-filling questionnaire. To summarize the menarche of puberty girls and the change of menarche pattern. Results A total of 5 981 female students were investigated. The mean menarche age was 12. 7 卤0. 0 years old. The mean menarche age was 12. 4 卤0. 0 years and 13. 0 卤0. 0 years old in urban and rural areas, respectively. The mean interval between menarche and menstruation was 1.2 卤0.0years. According to the stratification analysis of different time after menarche, there was no obvious change in the proportion of regular cycle with the passage of time after menarche, the proportion of female students with moderate menstrual volume increased gradually, the incidence of dysmenorrhea increased gradually, and the degree of dysmenorrhea increased gradually. Conclusion the menarche age of urban girls is 0.6 years earlier than that of rural girls, and the proportion of regular menstrual cycles after one year of menarche does not change obviously with time, and the menstrual period and menstrual volume gradually change to the female model of sexual maturity. The proportion of dysmenorrhea and moderate and severe dysmenorrhea increased year by year.
【作者单位】：四川大学华西第二医院生殖缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室;复旦大学生殖与发育研究院上海市计划生育科学研究所国家人口和计划生育委员会计划生育药具重点实验室;国家卫生计生委科学技术研究所;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2012BAI32B02)~~
【分类号】：R173

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