山西省农村妇女孕产期保健现状及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 07:11

本文选题：农村妇女 + 孕产期保健　；参考：《山西医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：描述山西省农村妇女的孕产期保健现状及存在的主要问题，分析影响该地区妇女孕产期保健服务利用的因素，探讨提高农村妇女孕产期保健服务利用率的有效措施。方法：采用多阶段抽样的方法从山西省的五个项目县中抽取20个村，每个村在当地居住一年以上且2009年3月1日～2011年3月1日期间分娩的20~45周岁育龄期妇女作为调查对象。调查时间为2011年4月1日～2011年5月31日。根据自愿原则，采取集中和入户的形式对调查对象进行面对面的问卷调查，内容包括妇女的一般情况、疾病史、不良孕产史（自然流产、死胎死产、生育畸形儿和智力低下儿）、孕产期保健知识知晓情况、孕产期保健需求情况、孕产期保健服务利用情况。结果：（1）孕产期保健知识知晓情况、获取途径及影响因素：山西省农村妇女对孕产期保健知识的答对率都超过了70%，孕产期保健知识全答对者有772人，占总人数的38.8%。掌握最好的是孕期接触射线对胎儿影响的知识，答对率为95.7%；正确率最低的是孕期体重增加是否越多越好，回答正确率为73.7%；大部分的调查对象都能够通过多种途径获取孕产期保健知识，其中75.9%的调查对象都能够通过医务人员或者计生服务人员这种较为专业的途径获取保健知识，只有31.6%的调查对象通过网络获取保健知识。多因素logistic回归分析显示不同文化程度的妇女其孕产期保健知识的中、高水平与低水平的差异有统计学意义（p＜0.05）。（2）孕产期保健需求和利用情况：调查对象对孕产期保健知识和孕产期保健服务有较强烈的需求，各项孕产期保健知识和孕产期保健服务项目的需求人数都超过了80%；91.4%的调查对象都做过产前检查，其中产前检查≥5次的占到25.3%，孕早期检查率、住院分娩率、产后访视率分别为71.0%、88.5%、20.3%。（3）孕产期保健服务利用的影响因素：logistic回归分析结果显示：影响5次以上产前检查率的主要因素有妇女的年龄、不良孕产史及使用最常用的交通方式到达最近的医疗保健机构所需要的时间（以下统称为距离）；影响住院分娩的主要因素有妇女的年龄、文化程度、现有子女数、家庭年总收入、不良孕产史以及距离；影响产后访视的主要因素有妇女的职业、文化程度、不良孕产史、家庭年总收入以及距离；影响孕早期检查的主要因素有妇女的文化程度、不良孕产史以及孕产期保健知识的评分等级。结论：山西省农村妇女对孕产期保健知识的知晓情况较为理想，对孕产期保健有强烈的需求，但是对孕产期保健服务的利用率低。经济状况差、文化水平低、距离医疗保健机构的距离远是影响山西省农村妇女孕产期保健服务利用的主要影响因素。针对不同特征的人群应该分别制定有效的健康教育宣传方式，有重点的进行健康教育宣传，同时应该探索新的政府投入方式和孕产期保健服务提供模式，，以保证低收入者对孕产期保健服务的利用。
[Abstract]:Objective: to describe the status and main problems of pregnant and maternity health care in rural women in Shanxi Province, analyze the factors affecting the utilization of maternal health service during pregnancy and maternity in this area, and discuss the effective measures to improve the utilization rate of rural women's pregnancy and childbirth health service.
Methods: a multi stage sampling method was used to extract 20 villages from five counties in Shanxi province. In each village, the 20~45 year old women of childbearing age who lived for more than one year and during the period from March 1, 2009 to March 1, 2011 were investigated. The survey time was from April 1, 2011 to May 31, 2011. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the subjects, including the general situation of women, the history of disease, the history of bad pregnancy (natural abortion, stillbirth, birth deformity and mental retardation), the awareness of health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity, the condition of pregnancy and maternity health care, and the utilization of health care service during pregnancy and childbirth.
Results: (1) the knowledge of health care knowledge of pregnancy and childbirth, the way of obtaining and influencing factors: the rate of answer to the health knowledge of pregnant women in Shanxi province was more than 70%, and the total number of pregnant and maternity health knowledge was 772, and the best knowledge of exposure to the fetus during pregnancy was 95.7%; the correct answer rate was 95.7%; The lowest was the more the better the weight gain during pregnancy, and the correct answer was 73.7%. Most of the respondents were able to obtain prenatal health knowledge through a variety of ways, and 75.9% of the respondents were able to get health knowledge through a more specialized way of medical staff or family planning staff, only 31.6%. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference between high and low levels of health knowledge among women with different levels of culture (P < 0.05).
(2) the health needs and utilization of pregnancy and Maternity: the respondents had a strong demand for the health knowledge of pregnancy and the health service of pregnancy and maternity, and more than 80% of the health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity care services were more than 80%; 91.4% of the respondents had done antenatal examination, and 25.3% of the antenatal examinations were more than 5 times. Early detection rate, hospital delivery rate and postpartum visit rate were 71%, 88.5%, 20.3%.
(3) factors affecting the utilization of maternity care service: the logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the rate of prenatal examination over 5 times were the age of women, the history of bad pregnancy and the time needed to reach the nearest health care institution using the most commonly used mode of transportation (hereinafter referred to as the distance); the main factors affecting the hospitalization of childbirth. The factors include the age of women, the degree of education, the number of existing children, the total annual income of the family, the history of bad pregnancy and the distance. The main factors affecting postpartum visits are the occupation of women, the degree of education, the history of bad pregnancy, the total family income and the distance; the main factors affecting the early pregnancy examination are the educational level of women and the history of bad pregnancy. And the grading of health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity.
Conclusion: the awareness of health care knowledge of pregnant and maternity in Shanxi rural women is more ideal, and it has strong demand for pregnancy and maternity health care, but the utilization rate of health care service is low. The economic situation is poor, the cultural level is low and the distance from the health care institutions is far from that of the rural women in Shanxi province. In order to ensure the utilization of health care service for the low income people, the people of different characteristics should formulate effective health education publicity methods and focus on the health education and propaganda, and explore new mode of government investment and the delivery mode of pregnancy and maternity care service.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R173

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