蓄电池企业镉作业人员鼻腔损害状况调查

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:59

本文选题：镉 + 尿镉　；参考：《中国职业医学》2015年06期

【摘要】：目的探讨镉接触对作业工人鼻腔的损害。方法以整群抽样的方法选择某2家蓄电池企业共1 367名作业工人为调查对象,分别以工作场所空气中镉及其化合物水平超标5倍及以上、小于5倍和不超标的457、581和329名作业工人作为高接触组、低接触组和接触对照组;另以不接触镉及其他可能引起鼻腔损害的化学物的309名作业工人为正常对照组。检测该2家蓄电池企业工作场所空气中镉及其化合物水平,同时对上述4组作业工人进行尿镉水平检测,并进行鼻腔检查和嗅觉检查。结果 2家蓄电池企业工作场所空气中镉及其化合物超标率为75.68%(28/37)。1 367名蓄电池企业作业工人尿镉水平超标者455例(超标率为33.28%),其中高接触组超标率为71.99%,低接触组超标率为21.69%。接触组作业工人鼻腔自觉症状以嗅觉减退为主,其次为鼻干燥、灼痛和鼻衄;鼻腔体征以充血为主,其次为糜烂、肿胀和溃疡;检出嗅觉减退者399例(检出率为29.19%),嗅觉丧失者19例(检出率为1.39%);且随着接触镉及其化合物水平的增加,作业工人鼻腔自觉症状、体征、嗅觉减退和嗅觉丧失检出率均随之增加(P0.05)。鼻腔糜烂部位以鼻中隔中部为主,左右鼻腔发生部位基本一致。尿镉超标作业工人嗅觉减退、鼻干燥、灼痛和鼻衄症状检出率为97.58%、8.57%、6.59%和1.10%,充血、糜烂、肿胀和溃疡的鼻腔体征检出率分别为99.78%、81.10%、73.85%和38.68%。结论蓄电池企业工作场所空气中镉及其化合物污染严重,应重视镉对鼻腔损害的防治工作。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the damage of exposure to cadmium to nasal cavity of workers. Methods A total of 1 367 workers in two battery enterprises were selected by cluster sampling. The levels of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace air were 5 times or more than the standard, respectively. 457581 and 329 workers with less than 5 times and no more than the standard were treated as high exposure group, low exposure group and exposure control group, and 309 workers who were not exposed to cadmium and other chemicals that may cause nasal damage were taken as normal control group. The levels of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of the two storage battery enterprises were detected. The urine cadmium levels, nasal cavity examination and olfactory examination were also performed in the above four groups of workers. Results the excess rate of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace air of two battery enterprises was 75.68 / 37.1 / 367 (33.28%) and 21.69 (P < 0.05) in the high contact group and the low contact group respectively. The results showed that there were 455 cases whose urine cadmium level exceeded the standard (33.28%) in the high contact group, and 21.69 in the low contact group (P < 0.05), and the above standard rate was 71.99% in the high contact group and 21.69 in the low contact group. In the exposed group, the main symptoms of nasal cavity were olfactory decline, followed by dry nose, searing pain and epistaxis, hyperemia, erosion, swelling and ulcer. 399 cases (detection rate 29.19%) and 19 cases (1.39%) of olfactory loss were detected, and with the increase of exposure to cadmium and its compounds, the positive rates of nasal symptoms, signs, loss of olfaction and loss of olfactory were increased with the increase of exposure to cadmium and its compounds. Nasal erosion in the middle part of the nasal septum, left and right nasal cavity location is basically the same. The detection rates of olfaction, dry nose, burning pain and epistaxis were 97.58% and 1.10% respectively. The detection rates of nasal signs of congestion, erosion, swelling and ulcer were 99.7881.10% and 38.68%, respectively. Conclusion the pollution of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of storage battery enterprises is serious, so we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of cadmium damage to nasal cavity.
【作者单位】：新乡市职业病防治研究所;
【分类号】：R135.91

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