职业紧张负担—资本理论模型的构建及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 21:57

本文选题：职业紧张 + 工作负担-资本模型　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究旨在构建符合我国职业人群特点的职业紧张工作负担-资本理论模型,为我国职业紧张的评估和干预提供有效理论依据和工具。并探索该模型各维度与职业紧张早期健康效应的直接和间接关联,并对该理论模型对职业紧张早期健康效应的流行病学价值做出评估。方法:在通过文献查阅和专家访谈等方式,采用横断面典型调查法收集模型构建所需数据资料。选取电子制造服务业(Electronic Manufacturing Services,EMS)相对集中的珠三角、长三角、环渤海和中西部地区作为调查地区,并最终在广东(珠三角)、江苏(长三角)、北京(环渤海)、天津(环渤海)、湖南(中西部)和四川(中西部)等6个省市进行问卷调查。在模型构建后,继续选取以上6个省市进行横断面典型调查法以收集数据资料,针对该模型对职业紧张早期健康效应的影响进行评估,其中职业紧张早期健康效应指标包括职业倦怠、抑郁障碍、睡眠障碍和生活满意度等四项指标。采用Epi.Data3.1进行数据录入,采用SPSS22.0和AMOS21.0进行数据的统计分析。模型构建:先运用Chronbach'α检验选取条目的内部一致性信度水平;其次,进行Pearson两两相关分析以初步探索模型各维度及各因子间的相关关系及关联方向。采用结构方程模型分析(验证性因子分析)检验数据应用在工作负担-资本模型的拟合性。探索性因子分析和信效度检验进行分析工具的构建,并分析其适用性。早期健康效应流行病学分析部分对于研究对象人口学特征的描述、健康状况、职业因素等,采用一般性的统计描述(频数、百分比、均数、中位数、标准差等)、行列表x2检验;健康效应评分、工作要求均分、工作自主性均分等单因素分析则多采用成组t检验和单因素方差分析:多因素分析则采用多元线性回归、Logistic回归分析及分层回归分析。对于直接效应和间接效应的分析,采用结构方程模型路径分析。检验水平取双侧α=0.05。结果:1.评估模型构建:共发放问卷1700份,回收有效问卷1618份,有效回收率95.2%。受调查人群在性别、年龄、婚姻、教育水平及岗位方面均分布合理。模型各维度间相关性分析显示,工作负担、资本和个体特征三个维度均分的相关系数具有统计学意义(P0.05)。完整模型下的结构方程拟合结果显示模型AGFI为0.937,NNFI为0.953,IFI为0.963,RMSEA为0.058,表明模型拟合良好。路径系数大小和方向均证实模型构建的五个实证假设合理,即紧张危险因子与紧张感呈正相关关联,与满意感呈负相关关联;紧张保护因子则相反。模型在不同性别、年龄、教育背景、婚姻和岗位的人群中均具有良好的适用性。ROC曲线分析表明,模型具有出色的预测特异性与良好的预测敏感性,最优Youden指数显示模型紧张判定灵敏度65.5%,特异度80.0%。各条目内部一致性信度分析结果表明,入选变量或维度均具有良好的内部一致性。Chronbach' α系数值在0.750～0.929之间,探索性因子分析生成的6个主成分因子与工作负担-应对资本模型假设一致。判别效度评估显示,在性别、年龄、婚姻、教育及岗位等方面,量表测量维度均表现出较好的区分效度。2.模型早期健康效应流行病学分析部分:共发放6800份问卷,收集6491例有效样本数据,有效回收率为95.5%。单因素和多因素分析显示工作负担-资本模型的工作资本和工作负担维度对职业紧张早期健康效应具有明确的关联;在情感耗竭和生活满意度判定方面,工作负担具有更大的影响和贡献,而对于人格解体、个体成就感、抑郁障碍及满意度得分方面则是工作资本贡献更大;对于睡眠障碍和职业倦怠整体模型来讲,工作负担和工作资本的流行病学价值均良好;同时个体特征作为有效的调节变量,不仅对职业紧张早期健康效应产生直接影响,并且可明确调节工作负担和工作资本对早期的健康影响效应。结论:职业紧张工作负担-资本模型数据拟合效果良好,可为我国后续职业紧张更加深入的研究提供依据。模型对职业紧张早期健康效应具有明确的流行病学价值,在职业人群身心健康促进干预项目中,可根据不同紧张因子对职业紧张早期健康不同的影响效应,进行更加有针对性的设计和实施,以更高效地促进职业人群的身心健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study is to construct a theoretical model of occupational stress and capital, which is in line with the characteristics of the occupational population in China, and to provide effective theoretical basis and tools for the assessment and intervention of occupational stress in China. The epidemiological value of early health effects was evaluated. Methods: through the literature review and expert interviews, the data were collected by cross sectional typical survey method. The Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai and the central and western regions of the Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) were selected. District as a survey area, and finally in the Guangdong (Pearl River Delta), Jiangsu (Yangtze River Delta), Beijing (ring Bohai), Tianjin (Bohai), Hunan (central and Western) and Sichuan (Midwest) and other provinces and cities to carry out a questionnaire survey. After the model construction, the above 6 provinces and cities continue to select the typical cross-sectional survey method to collect data, aiming at the model of the profession. The early health effects of tension were evaluated, in which the early health effects of occupational stress included four indicators such as job burnout, depressive disorder, sleep disorder and life satisfaction. Data were recorded by Epi.Data3.1 and SPSS22.0 and AMOS21.0 were used to analyze the data. Model Construction: first, Chronbach'alpha test was used. Secondly, Pearson 22 correlation analysis is carried out to explore the correlation and relation between the various dimensions and factors of the model. Structural equation model analysis (confirmatory factor analysis) is used to test the fitting of the application of data in the work burden capital model. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability and validity A general statistical description (frequency, percentage, average, median, standard deviation, etc.), column table x2 test, health effect score, and job requirements were used in the early health effect epidemiological analysis on the description of the demographic characteristics of the subjects, health status, occupational factors, etc. T test and single factor analysis of variance were used in the analysis of the single factor analysis, and the multiple factor analysis was analyzed by multiple linear regression, Logistic regression analysis and stratified regression analysis. The analysis of direct and indirect effects was made by structural Fang Chengmo path analysis. The test level was taken as a result of bilateral alpha =0.05.: 1. The evaluation model was constructed: 1700 questionnaires were issued and 1618 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate 95.2%. was reasonably distributed in gender, age, marriage, education level and post. The correlation analysis between the various dimensions of the model dimensions showed that the correlation coefficient of the three dimensions of work burden, capital and individual characteristics had statistical significance. (P0.05). The results of the structural equation fitting under the complete model showed that the model AGFI was 0.937, NNFI was 0.953, IFI was 0.963, and RMSEA was 0.058, which showed that the model fitted well. The size and direction of the path coefficient proved that the five positivist hypotheses constructed by the model were positively correlated with tension and tension, and negatively correlated with the satisfaction. The model has good applicability of.ROC curve analysis in different sex, age, educational background, marriage and post. The model has excellent predictive specificity and good predictive sensitivity, the optimal Youden index display model is 65.5%, and the specific 80.0%. entries are within each entry. The results of consistency reliability analysis showed that the selected variables or dimensions had good internal consistency.Chronbach'alpha values between 0.750 and 0.929. The 6 principal component factors generated by exploratory factor analysis were consistent with the assumption of the work burden - coping capital model. Discriminant validity assessment was shown in gender, age, marriage, education and post. In terms of the dimensions, the measurement dimension of the scale showed a good epidemiological analysis part of the early health effect of the.2. model: a total of 6800 questionnaires were issued and 6491 effective sample data were collected. The effective recovery rate was 95.5%. single factor and multi factor analysis. The work capital and the work burden dimension of the capital model were stressed on the occupational stress. Early health effects have a clear association; the work burden has a greater impact and contribution on emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction, while the contribution to personality disintegration, individual accomplishment, depressive disorder and satisfaction scores is greater, and the work burden on the holistic model of sleepless and job burnout. The epidemiological value of the work capital and the working capital are all good. At the same time, as an effective regulating variable, the individual characteristics not only have a direct impact on the early health effect of occupational stress, but also can clearly regulate the impact of work burden and working capital on early health effects. It provides a basis for further research on the further occupational stress in China. The model has a clear epidemiological value on the early health effects of occupational stress. In the intervention projects of the occupational health and physical health promotion, we can make more targeted designs according to the effects of different tension factors on the early health of occupational stress. In order to promote the physical and mental health of the occupational population more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R131

【相似文献】