兰坪矿区冶炼企业基本职业卫生服务（BOHS）现况调查与需求分析

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:26

本文选题：基本职业卫生服务（BOHS） + 冶炼企业　；参考：《大理学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：【目的】调查和了解兰坪铅锌矿区冶炼企业的基本职业卫生服务现状，，识别冶炼企业在基本职业卫生服务方面存在的主要职业危害因素,评估冶炼企业的基本职业卫生服务需求。【方法】依据基本职业卫生服务(BOHS)对企业的基本要求,设计冶炼企业基本情况调查表,参考芬兰职业卫生研究所创建的作业场所工效学分析系统，结合冶炼企业的作业特点设计作业场所现场调查表。针对冶炼企业工人的作业场所特点情况设计调查问卷，采取随机抽样方法开展问卷调查。累计收集现场调查表20份，工人随机调查问卷370份。在冶炼企业现场随机采集车间工人发样110份，对发样中铅、镉等重金属含量进行实验室检测。将作业场所工效学现场调查表、工人抽样问卷调查以及实验室发样重金属检测的各项数据进行分类汇总，并录入统计软件SPSS17进行统计学分析。【结果】 ①在四家冶炼企业中，有采矿厂、冶炼厂未对作业工人开展岗前培训，采矿厂未对作业工人展职业防护培训，有三家企业未能对从业人员开展定期健康体检。 ②在所调查冶炼企业中发现主要职业有害因素有噪声、生产性粉尘、刺激性化学气体、金属烟尘、振动等。在相应的生产车间中不同工种之间存在着的职业性危害因素有所不同,职业性危害因素危害程度比较严重的是电解、选矿、冶炼等车间。 ③在所调查的冶炼企业中，不良工效学因素主要有噪声、振动、作业活动范围、体力活动强度、工作中交流信息的顺畅程度、安全生产知识的掌握等。 ④通过对所采集的发样进行实验室检测，检测到的重金属铅、镉的含量分别为9.235.06μg/g、1.911.38μg/g。以美国临床实验室检测标准作为参考，检测结果中97.3%的调查对象发铅含量超过成年人正常值（10.0μg/g）上限,71.8%的调查对象发镉含量超过成年人正常值（1.0μg/g）上限，工人的发铅含量与其工作年限呈正相关（r=0.687，P0.05），工人的发镉含量与工作年限呈正相关(r=0.355,P0.05)，两者均随着工作年限的增加测得值相应增大。 ⑤在所调查工人中，71.3%工人表示对于从事的工种或者岗位的职业安全防护知识掌握不够，62.4%工人认为企业开展的职业培训不足，32.1%的工人认为自身从事的工作有一定的危险性。【结论】 ①在所调查的冶炼企业在铅锌冶炼过程中，一部分企业仍采用相对落后的烧结－鼓风炉炼铅工艺，生产过程中对金属烟气回收、二氧化硫回收利用等技术没有进行改进，未达到对生产原料的充分利用。 ②部分冶炼企业在作业场所设置的通风、除尘、降噪等设备运行管理不健全，未发挥防护作用。部分冶炼企业对工人个人防护设备的配备较差，专用工作服和防尘口罩等未做到定期更换。 ③冶炼企业对新上岗工人的职业培训以及安全生产知识教育不足，部分工人不能充分认识自身从事工作的职业性有害因素。被调查工人表示出对冶炼企业在岗前培训、安全生产知识培训工作方面评价不高，对企业开展定期健康体检、完善个人健康档案有较高期待。 ④被调查企业的工人多数是初中文化程度，对于自身从事的工种和具体工作岗位需要掌握的职业健康防护知识较少，在对于参加职业防护知识学习、了解自身身体健康状况、掌握安全生产知识、培养良好日常清洁习惯等方面需要加强。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
The basic occupational health service status of smelting enterprises in Lanping lead-zinc mining area is investigated and understood, and the main occupational hazards in the basic occupational health service of smelting enterprises are identified, and the basic occupational health service needs of the smelters are evaluated.
[method]
According to the basic requirements of the basic occupational health service (BOHS) for the enterprise, the basic situation questionnaire of the smelting enterprise is designed, and the work place ergonomics analysis system established by the Finland occupational health research institute is used to design the site survey form of the workplace in the light of the operation characteristics of the smelter. According to the questionnaire, a random sampling method was adopted to carry out a questionnaire survey. A total of 20 on-site questionnaires were collected, and 370 random questionnaires were collected. 110 samples were sent to the workers in the workshop, and the contents of heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium in the hair samples, were tested in the laboratory. The data collected from the survey and heavy metal detection in the laboratory were classified and summarized, and statistical software SPSS17 was used for statistical analysis.
[results]
(1) in the four smelting enterprises, there are mining plants, the smelters do not carry out pre job training to the workers, and the mining plants have not trained the occupational protection workers, and three enterprises have failed to carry out regular health examination to the employees.
In the investigation and smelting enterprises, the main occupational harmful factors are noise, productive dust, irritant chemical gas, metal dust, vibration and so on. There are different occupational hazards between different types of workshops in the corresponding production workshops, and the harm degree of occupational hazard factors is more serious: electrolysis, mineral processing, smelting and other vehicles. Room.
(3) in the metallurgical enterprises investigated, the main factors of bad ergonomics are noise, vibration, activity range, strength of physical activity, smooth degree of communication information in work, and mastery of safety production knowledge.
(4) the content of heavy metal lead was detected by laboratory testing, the content of cadmium was 9.235.06 mu g/g, and 1.911.38 mu g/g. was used as reference for American clinical laboratory testing standard. The lead content of 97.3% of the subjects in the test results exceeded the upper limit of normal value of adults (10 mu g/g), and 71.8% of the subjects were exposed to cadmium content. The upper limit of adult normal value (1 mu g/g), the lead content of workers is positively correlated with their working years (r=0.687, P0.05). The cadmium content of workers is positively correlated with the working years (r=0.355, P0.05), both of them all increase with the increase of working years.
Among the workers surveyed, 71.3% workers expressed lack of knowledge about the occupational safety and protection of the jobs or positions engaged in. 62.4% workers believed that the vocational training carried out by the enterprises was inadequate, and 32.1% of the workers believed that their own work was dangerous.
[Conclusion]
In the process of smelting lead and zinc smelting in the smelter, some enterprises still adopt relatively backward sinter blast furnace lead smelting process. In the process of production, the technology of recovery of metal flue gas and sulfur dioxide recovery and utilization has not been improved, and the full utilization of the raw material is not reached.
The ventilation, dust removal and noise reduction of some smelting enterprises are not perfect and have no protective effect. Some smelters have poor equipment for workers' personal protective equipment, and the special work clothes and dustproof masks have not been replaced regularly.
(3) the vocational training for the new workers and the knowledge education of safety production are insufficient. Some workers can not fully understand the occupational harmful factors of their own work. The investigated workers show that the evaluation of the smelting enterprises in pre job training and the training of safety production knowledge is not high, and the regular health examination for the enterprises is carried out. Good personal health records have high expectations.
(4) the majority of the workers in the investigation enterprises are junior high school, and the knowledge of occupational health protection that needs to be mastered for their own work and specific jobs is less. They need to be strengthened in the aspects of taking part in the learning of occupational protection, understanding the health of their own bodies, mastering the knowledge of safety production, and cultivating good daily cleaning habits.
【学位授予单位】：大理学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

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