我国部分地区农村集中式供水单位卫生管理调查

发布时间：2018-06-23 22:17

本文选题：农村集中式供水 + 卫生管理　；参考：《环境与健康杂志》2015年05期

【摘要】：目的了解我国部分地区农村集中式供水设施的基本情况和卫生管理状况。方法根据地区代表性原则,于2014年按分层随机抽样的方法调查了6个省(市)的403座农村集中式供水单位的供水工艺和卫生管理状况。结果 403座水厂中,日供水规模小于1 000 m3/d的占79.4%(320/403),有54.8%(221/403)的水厂不具备任何处理工艺,有81.6%(329/403)的水厂未开展水质检测,有60.5%(244/403)的水厂无消毒设施;农村水厂卫生许可持证率为25.3%(102/403),且不同规模及地区的持证率不同;取得卫生许可证的水厂中有31.4%(32/102)不具备任何处理工艺,42.2%(43/102)未开展水质检测,21.6%(22/102)无消毒设施;有水质检测报告的水厂中有22.9%(22/96)出厂水检测结果不合格。结论持有卫生许可证水厂的卫生管理情况较好,但仍存在处理工艺不完整、无水质检测能力、缺少涉水产品卫生批件和水质合格率低等情况。应制定针对农村水厂特点的卫生许可技术标准并建立风险管理机制,以提高农村水厂卫生管理效果。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the basic situation and sanitary management of centralized water supply facilities in rural areas of China. Methods according to the principle of regional representation, the water supply technology and sanitation management of 403 rural centralized water supply units in 6 provinces (cities) were investigated by stratified random sampling in 2014. Results of 403 water plants, 79.4% (320 / 403) had daily water supply scale less than 1 000 m3 / d, 54.8% (221 / 403) did not have any treatment process, 81.6% (329 / 403) of water plants had not carried out water quality testing, and 60.5% (244 / 403) of water plants had no disinfection facilities. The permit holding rate of rural waterworks was 25.3% (102 / 403), and the permit rate was different in different scale and region. 31.4% (32 / 102) of the water plants that obtained the sanitation license did not have any treatment process, 42.2% (43 / 102) did not carry out water quality test, 21.6% (22 / 102) had no disinfection facilities. 22. 9% (22 / 96) of plants with water quality testing reports fail. Conclusion the sanitary management of waterworks with sanitary license is good, but there are still some problems, such as incomplete treatment process, lack of water quality detection ability, lack of sanitary batches of wading products and low qualified rate of water quality, etc. In order to improve the effect of sanitary management of rural water plants, it is necessary to establish the technical standard of sanitary license and establish the risk management mechanism according to the characteristics of rural water plants.
【作者单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心;
【基金】：世界卫生组织2014—2015年度“基层生活饮用水卫生监督工作指南研究”项目
【分类号】：R123.1

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