长沙某养老机构老年人营养状况及其相关因素的调查分析

发布时间：2018-06-25 09:43

本文选题：养老机构 + 老年人　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：本课题通过调查长沙市某养老机构老年人的营养状况,分析老年人生活的社会环境、心理状态、生活自理能力、生活质量与MNA评分之间的关系,提高广大养老机构医护工作者鉴定存在营养不良危险或处于营养不良状态的老年个体的能力；通过相关性分析的结果,探讨影响长沙市老年机构老年人营养状况的危险因素,为科学营养,提高老年人生活质量,实现健康老龄化提供理论依据；同时也为养老护理服务机构的医护人员对存在营养不良风险的老年人实施有效的早期干预措施提供科学的指导,减少营养不良相关性并发症的发生；指导老年人掌握营养知识,加强自身营养保健,提高社会养老的质量。方法：本研究采用横断面研究,抽样调查方法,在长沙市某老年公寓随机抽取老年患者200人进行调查研究。由本课题人员向符合研究标准的老年人发放调查问卷。首先由调查员按统一方法对各量表中涉及的体格指标(身高、体重、上臂围和小腿围)进行测量,空腹抽血化验入选受访者的血常规(血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数)、肝功能(白蛋白),并通过访谈完成调查量表。调查量表共包括五部分：老年人-般社会学资料、老年人抑郁量表(GDS)、日常活动能力(ADL)量表、简易营养评价法(MNA)、生活质量EQ-5D量表,调查表是用来收集影响老年人营养状况的预测相关因素。所得有效数据应用统计软件进行统计描述,影响因素的分析用ordial logistic回归分析。结果：200位老年人年龄范围在60-89岁,平均年龄72.12+9.08岁；66人(33%)的老年人存在低蛋白血症,贫血患者共58例,占29%；MNA平均得分为19.13+7.53,依据MNA评分标准,其中所调查对象的28%属营养正常(MNA分值24),51.5%的调查对象有营养不良危险(17MNA分值23.5),20.5%的调查对象存在营养不良。我们采用日常生活能力ADL量表、抑郁GDS量表、生活质量EQ-5D量表分析老年人营养不良的相关危险,得知城市养老机构老年人的营养状况受家庭状况、经济能力、健康宣教、健康状况、心理状态、生活自理能力等多方面因素的影响。结论：收集问卷调查表,经MNA评分发现,我们调查的养老机构有相当一部分老年人处于营养不良或存在发生营养不良的风险,长沙市养老机构老年人营养状况总体水平与国内沿海城市养老机构老年人调查结果相当,但同发达国家相比,仍存在较大差距。对于城市养老机构的医护人员,我们应该全面考察,正确评估各个老年人的营养状况,实施个体化的、有针对性的健康教育方案,日常工作中应注意增加老年人营养保健知识；要特别注重掌握老年人的心理状况,协助其改善日常活动能力；不同个体之间的营养状况存在比较大的差异,养老机构工作人员应常规运用各种量表评估老年人的营养状况,分析发生营养不良风险的高危因素,提高养老机构老年人的生活质量。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the nutritional status of the elderly in a pension institution in Changsha, and to analyze the relationship between the social environment, psychological state, self-care ability, quality of life and MNA score of the elderly. To improve the ability of medical and nursing workers in pension institutions to identify the elderly individuals with malnutrition risk or malnutrition, and to explore the risk factors affecting the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha through the results of correlation analysis. It provides theoretical basis for scientific nutrition, improving the quality of life of the elderly and realizing healthy aging. At the same time, it also provides scientific guidance for the medical staff of the old-age nursing institutions to carry out effective early intervention measures for the elderly who are at risk of malnutrition, so as to reduce the incidence of malnutrition related complications, and guide the elderly to master nutrition knowledge. Strengthen oneself nutrition health care, improve the quality of social endowment. Methods: in this study, 200 elderly patients were randomly selected from an apartment in Changsha. A questionnaire was sent to the elderly who met the research criteria. First, the physical indexes (height, weight, upper arm circumference and calf circumference) involved in each scale were measured by investigators according to a unified method. Lymphocyte count), liver function (albumin), and interview completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of five parts: geriatric sociological data, Depression scale for the elderly (GDS), ADL, MNA, EQ-5D for quality of Life. The questionnaire was used to collect predictive factors related to the nutritional status of the elderly. The effective data are described by statistical software, and the influencing factors are analyzed by ordial logistic regression analysis. Results the age ranges from 60 to 89 years of age, and 66 people (33%) with an average age of 72.12 9.08 years old had hypoproteinemia. There were 58 cases of anemia, accounting for an average score of 19.137.53. According to the standard of MNA score, the average score of MNA was 19.137.53. Among them, 28% of the subjects were of normal nutrition (MNA score 24) and 51.5% were at risk of malnutrition (17MNA score 23.5). 20. 5% of the subjects had malnutrition. We used ADL, GDS, EQ-5D to analyze the risk of malnutrition in the elderly, and learned that the nutritional status of the elderly in urban old-age care institutions was taught by family status, economic ability and health. Health status, psychological state, ability to take care of life and other factors. Conclusion: according to the MNA score, quite a part of the elderly in the pension institutions surveyed were at or at risk of malnutrition. The overall level of the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha is comparable to that of the elderly in the coastal cities of China, but there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. For the medical staff of urban old-age care institutions, we should make a comprehensive investigation, correctly assess the nutritional status of the elderly, implement individualized and targeted health education programs, and pay attention to increasing the knowledge of nutrition and health care of the elderly in their daily work. Special attention should be paid to mastering the psychological status of the elderly and helping them to improve their ability to carry out daily activities. There are great differences in the nutritional status of different individuals. The staff of pension institutions should routinely use various scales to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. The high risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.3

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