上海市青少年性生殖健康认知及意外妊娠的现况研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 17:18

本文选题：青少年 + 性生殖健康　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]了解上海市青少年及人流女性性与生殖健康知识、态度和行为,发现意外妊娠的影响因素,从而为开展针对性的健康教育和健康促进、建立适宜的青春期性生殖保健教育和服务模式提供依据。[方法]本研究对两部分人群进行研究：1、2012年6-9月,采取方便抽样的方法,对全市7个区县32个中学的学生进行青春期性生殖健康状况问卷调研,了解青少年的生理、心理和社会关系现状,青少年健康保健的知识、态度和行为,青少年保健服务的需求,以及服务中遇到的主要障碍等内容。样本包括1556名初中生、1490名高中生、2762名职高生。2、2012年3-5月,采取方便抽样的方法,对本市12个试点区29家计划生育手术机构就诊的1225名未婚人流青少年女性(10-24岁)进行了现场问卷调研。对10-19岁和19-24岁的人群进行分组,了解本市未婚人流女性对性与生殖健康的知识、态度和行为情况,并对少女人流(10-19岁组)相关危险因素及性生殖保健服务需求进行了深入的多因素分析。以上数据应用Microsoft Visual FoxPro6.0软件建立数据库,采用EXCEL、SPSS18.0软件对数据进行统计分析；根据资料的性质分别采用定量分析与定性分析的方法,计量资料采用x±S表示,使用X2检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。[结果](1)15.8%的学生在11岁前开始关注性知识,81.4%的学生在13岁及以前开始关注,男生比例高于女生(p=0.000)；(2)中学生对性传播疾病和少女妊娠危害的认识不足：(3)学生对谈早恋和性行为的态度普遍比较宽容,仅有45.2%的初中生和29.8%的高中生反对婚前性行为,男女生无统计学差异；(4)有19.4%的普通高中生和25.5%的职校学生有过抚摸等边缘性行为,而有过性交的普通高中生占7.3%,职校生占18.1%,男生的比例高于女生(p0.005)；(5)使用避孕药具的比例较低,首次性行为没有避孕的高中生占70.8%,职校生占60.5%,职校和高中生无统计学差异；(6)学生认为在学校开设青春期性教育课程是必要的,同时希望医生参与授课；(7)人流女性年龄处低龄化趋势,重点人群为非上海户籍(本市18.60%：外地81.40%)；19岁及以下平均首次性行为年龄为17.66±0.102岁,平均性伴侣数为1.57±1.31个, 之前平均人流次数为0.34±0.618；从不采取避孕措施的20-24岁的有12.18%,(8)19岁及以下的占25.30%(p0.01).流产方式以手术流产为主(75.20%),药物流产占24.80%。两个年龄组差异无显著性。(8)人流女性的性生殖健康知识严重缺乏,多性伴、多次人流问题突出；(9)人流少女对医疗机构服务满意度较低(45.6%)。(10)职业(学生、待业)、年龄、是否采取避孕措施和性伴数显著影响少女人流的次数(p0.005)。[结论]中学生性与生殖健康教育现状不容乐观,亟需科学、适宜的性健康教育。性与生殖健康教育需建立以学校为主,多方参与共同开展青少年性教育和生殖保健的模式。关爱人流少女,规范医疗机构少女妊娠服务工作,提升医疗机构服务能力。构建医院-学校-社区联动的青少年性生殖健康三级预防模式,保护和促进青少年性生殖安全和健康。
[Abstract]:[Objective] to understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of female sex and reproductive health in Shanghai, and to find out the influencing factors of accidental pregnancy, so as to provide the basis for developing targeted health education and health promotion and establishing appropriate adolescent reproductive health education and service model. [Methods] this study conducted a study on two parts of the population. 12012 years and 6-9 months, a convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate the adolescent reproductive health status of students in 32 middle schools in 7 districts and counties of the city, to understand the physiological, psychological and social status of adolescents, the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescent health care, the needs of youth health care service, and the main obstacles encountered in the service. The sample included 1556 junior high school students, 1490 senior high school students and 2762 vocational high school students in.22012 3-5 months. A convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate 1225 unmarried young women (10-24 years old) of 29 family planning operation institutions in 12 pilot districts of the city. The group was grouped for 10-19 and 19-24 years old. To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of female unmarried women to sexual and reproductive health, and to analyze the related risk factors and sexual reproductive health service needs of young girls (10-19 year old group). The above data are used to build a database using Microsoft Visual FoxPro6.0 software, and use EXCEL and SPSS18.0 software for data. Statistical analysis was carried out. According to the nature of the data, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were used, the measurement data were expressed in X + S, and X2 test was used. The difference of P0.05 was statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis was used in multifactor analysis. [results] (1) 15.8% of the students began to pay attention to the knowledge before the age of 11, and 81.4% of the students were 13 years old and were at the age of 13. The proportion of boys was higher than that of girls (p=0.000); (2) the awareness of the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy was insufficient: (3) the attitudes of students to preterm love and sexual behavior were generally more tolerant, only 45.2% of junior high school students and 29.8% of high school students opposed premarital sex, and there was no statistical difference between men and women; (4) there were 19.4% ordinary people. Senior high school students and 25.5% vocational school students have a touch of borderline behavior, 7.3% of ordinary high school students with sexual intercourse, 18.1% of vocational school students, higher proportion of boys than girls (P0.005); (5) low proportion of contraceptives, 70.8% of high school students without contraception for the first time, 60.5% in vocational school and no statistical difference between vocational school and high school students (6) (6) students believe that it is necessary to set up an adolescent sex education course at school, and at the same time it is necessary for doctors to take part in teaching; (7) the trend of the age of women is low, the key population is non Shanghai domicile (18.60% in the city, 81.40% in the field); the average age of 19 years and below is 17.66 + 0.102 years, and the average number of sexual partners is 1.57 + 1.31. The average number of people was 0.34 + 0.618, 12.18%, 8, 19 years old and 25.30% (P0.01). There was no significant difference in abortion in the two age groups of 24.80%.. (8) there was a severe lack of sexual reproductive health in women with multiple sex, multiple sexual partners, and many people. The flow problem is prominent; (9) the satisfaction of the women with the medical institutions is low (45.6%). (10) the occupation (students, waiting for business), the age, the use of contraception measures and the number of sexual partners significantly affect the number of young girls (P0.005). [Conclusion] the status of sex and reproductive health education in middle school students is not optimistic, and it is urgently needed to be scientific and suitable for sexual and reproductive health education. Health education should be based on schools and participate in the joint development of adolescent sex education and reproductive health care. Care for young girls, standardize the service of young girls in medical institutions and improve the service ability of medical institutions. The three level prevention model of adolescent sexual health for young people in the hospital school community linkage is constructed to protect and promote young people. Sexual reproduction is safe and healthy.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R169

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