代孕合同合法化的理论证成

发布时间：2018-06-29 10:47

本文选题：代孕 + 代理孕母　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：代孕作为人工辅助生殖技术的一项手段，其一诞生，便对世界各国的伦理道德、法律体系产生了强烈的冲击，代孕技术发达的各国及地区对代孕是否应合法化的争论持续已久，并都在本国或地区的法律中体现了出来。我国代孕技术虽在20世纪80年代才出现，起步较晚，可是却在短短十多年间突飞猛进。就在2001年我国卫生部做出了重大举措，发布了《人类辅助生殖技术管理办法》和《人类辅助生殖技术规范》两个行政规章，在上述行政规章中均明确了对代孕的禁止态度，我国官方对之所以作出全面禁止代孕的规定的解释：一是禁止代孕仅仅涉及极少部分人的利益，不会对多数人造成影响；二是代孕会带来诸多问题，不禁止，一旦出现问题将难以解决。然而鉴于代孕技术对于人类医学史上的重要意义，以及其他各国对于代孕的立法态度不断理性化，还考虑到我国尚属于处于代孕立法的起步期，因此卫生部出台的相关政策并未经过深思熟虑及客观论证。具体体现两方面：其一，所出台政策效力过低，仅从行政规章的层面进行规制，而法律层面上却仍是真空状态；其二，我国目前不孕不育的妇女呈现日益增多的趋势，迫于传统观念的影响，现实中的代孕现象频现，代孕并没有因法律的禁止而偃旗息鼓，反而是在半明半暗的夹缝中，呈现出蓬勃发展的态势。对其法律规制的缺乏，引发了诸多损害妇女权益，侵犯孩子利益的新情况。仅仅因代孕存在“副作用”，就一概予以禁止的做法，显然弊大于利。由此可见，只有对代孕进行合乎实际的法律规制，才能尽量减少不必要的纠纷和矛盾，最大程度地发挥其为人类服务的功效。由于法律上的空缺，使得因代孕出现的道德、法律和经济问题愈演愈烈。因此，只有在我国法律层面上对代孕合同制定行之有效的规定，才能在兼顾伦理道德和广大群众实际需要的情况下，让代孕技术发挥其最大的积极作用。本文从代孕合同的正当性、各国立法的比较法分析来论证代孕的合理存在性和合法化必要性，共分三部分：第一部分，从人性需要的角度，分析了作为一项造福人类的辅助生殖技术，代孕和道德伦理上的矛盾是可以调解的，并证明了代孕符合人类的价值观取向；阐述了代孕合同的权利基础，，从生育权和身体权的角度证明了代孕合同在法理上的合理性,生育权和身体权非有法定理由、非经法定程序不能任意剥夺，从而阐释了代孕合同合法性的权利基础；第二部分，具体阐述了各国家及地区的代孕立法态度和立法现状，并从中总结出对我国代孕合同立法的一些启示，并确认了代孕行为的有限合法性，这是进一步解决由代孕产生的具体问题的前提；第三部分，分析了我国现行立法的成功与不足，从实证主义的视野再次论证了代孕行为的合法性，并认为从立法上的绝对禁止，到有限度的开放代孕行为，部分地承认其合法性，乃是世界各国立法的大势所趋。对我国代孕合同合法化进程中的立法原则及制度设计提出了建议。
[Abstract]:As a means of artificial assisted reproductive technology , the birth of surrogate pregnancy has produced a strong impact on the ethics and legal system of all countries in the world .
Second , surrogate pregnancy brings many problems , it is not forbidden , once the problem will be difficult to solve . However , in view of the important significance of surrogate technology in the history of human medicine , and other countries ' changing legislation attitude towards surrogate pregnancy , the relevant policies issued by the Ministry of Health have not been considered deeply and objectively .
Second , there is an increasing trend of women ' s infertility in our country , which is due to the influence of the traditional concept , the occurrence frequency of surrogate pregnancy in reality is not prohibited by law . Instead , it is a new situation that can minimize unnecessary disputes and conflicts . It is obvious that only the legal regulation of surrogate pregnancy can minimize unnecessary disputes and contradictions , so as to minimize unnecessary disputes and contradictions , so as to minimize unnecessary disputes and conflicts . Therefore , it is only necessary to make effective regulations on the contract of surrogate pregnancy on the legal level of our country , so as to give birth control technology the greatest positive role in the consideration of ethics and the actual needs of the broad masses .

Based on the legitimacy of the contract of surrogate pregnancy and the comparative analysis of national legislation , this article demonstrates the rational existence and legalization of surrogate pregnancy , which is divided into three parts :

In the first part , from the angle of human nature ' s needs , the author analyzes the contradiction between the assistant reproduction technology , the surrogate pregnancy and the moral ethics as a benefit man , and proves that the surrogate pregnancy accords with the human ' s value orientation ;
The article expounds the right foundation of the contract of surrogate pregnancy , from the point of view of the right of birth and body , it is proved that the rationality , the right of birth and the right of the body are not legally justified , and the legal procedure cannot be arbitrarily deprived , so as to explain the right foundation of the legality of the contract of surrogate pregnancy ;

In the second part , the legislation attitude and legislation status of surrogate pregnant women in various countries and regions are elaborated , and some inspiration to the legislation of surrogate pregnancy in China is summarized , and the limited legitimacy of the act of surrogate pregnancy is confirmed , which is the premise of further solving the specific problems caused by surrogate pregnancy ;

The third part , analyses the success and shortage of current legislation in our country , demonstrates the legality of the act of surrogate pregnancy again from the view of positivist view , and thinks that the absolute prohibition from the legislation , to the limited open generation act , partly acknowledges its legitimacy , is the trend of the national legislation of the world .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R173;D923.6

【参考文献】