经济学视域之“大棚

发布时间：2018-07-01 17:17

本文选题：大棚菜农 + 大棚病　；参考：《山西农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代农业科学技术的不断提高,蔬菜大棚生产已经成为设施农业生产的重要组成部分。蔬菜大棚生产打破了传统按季节生产的惯例,不仅在蔬菜周年生产和均衡供应中起着重要作用,还提高了土地资源利用率和农民收入水平。但是,由于大棚较为密闭的生产环境、生产过程中化肥和农药投施超量以及连作的生产方式给大棚菜农造成一系列危害身体健康的因素,大棚菜农频发“大棚病”,成为一个不可回避的社会问题。本文通过访谈和典型调查两种形式,在山西省范围内共计发放293份问卷,收回问卷276份,有效率为94.20%。根据样本数据,了解农户基本情况、蔬菜大棚种植情况和农户健康状况,计算蔬菜大棚成本及收益、“大棚病”医疗费用支出。最后,运用投入产出法量化分析大棚菜农从业意愿,在蔬菜大棚投入中不仅包括固定成本和可变成本,还包括治疗“大棚病”的医疗投入。分析结果发现,“大棚病”导致菜农从业寿命缩短,收入水平降低；身体健康状况变差,幸福指数降低；潜在从业者的从业积极性降低等不良影响。因此,“大棚病”不仅影响菜农身体健康,而且挫伤菜农从业积极性,严重阻碍蔬菜大棚的可持续发展。为提高菜农从业积极性,实现蔬菜大棚的可持续发展,本文从经济学视角和社会学视角两个方面提出有效解决“大棚病”的对策建议,主要包括：蔬菜大棚适度规模经营,加大政府财政补贴和扶持力度,加大科技创新和推广力度；完善医疗保障体系,完善相关法律制度,提高大棚菜农防范意识等。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern agricultural science and technology, vegetable greenhouse production has become an important part of facility agriculture production. Vegetable greenhouse production breaks the tradition of seasonal production. It not only plays an important role in the annual production and balanced supply of vegetables, but also improves the utilization rate of land resources and the income level of farmers. However, due to the relatively closed production environment in the greenhouse, excessive application of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in the production process and a series of factors harmful to the health of the greenhouse vegetable farmers caused by the production mode of continuous cropping, greenhouse vegetable farmers frequently "shed disease". Become an unavoidable social problem. By means of interview and typical investigation, 293 questionnaires were sent out in Shanxi province and 276 questionnaires were collected. The effective rate was 94.20.4%. According to the sample data, the basic situation of farmers, the planting situation of vegetable greenhouse and the health status of farmers were understood, and the cost and income of vegetable shed were calculated, and the medical expenses of "greenhouse disease" were calculated. Finally, using input-output method, quantitative analysis of greenhouse vegetable farmers' willingness to engage in employment, in vegetable shed input not only includes fixed cost and variable cost, but also includes the treatment of "greenhouse disease" medical input. The results showed that "greenhouse disease" resulted in shortened life expectancy, lower income level, lower health status, lower happiness index, and lower employment enthusiasm of potential practitioners. Therefore, greenhouse disease not only affects the health of vegetable farmers, but also dampens the enthusiasm of vegetable farmers and seriously hinders the sustainable development of vegetable sheds. In order to improve the enthusiasm of vegetable farmers and realize the sustainable development of vegetable shed, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the "greenhouse disease" effectively from the angle of view of economics and sociology, mainly including: moderate scale management of vegetable shed. To increase government financial subsidies and support, to increase scientific and technological innovation and promotion, to improve the medical security system, to improve the relevant legal system, to improve the greenhouse vegetable farmers' awareness of prevention, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.13;R139

【相似文献】