广东省职业病防治管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 07:11

【摘要】：中国在前期经济建设中，忽略了工作环境中的职业危害对劳动者身体的伤害，，近三十年来，职业病大量地涌现，对家庭、经济、社会造成了严重影响。广东省作为国家先进大省，职业病发病率相当高，广东省在职业病防治上已经做了一定的工作，但结果并不理想。职业病发病数量每年居高不下，新型职业病种多发，广东省的职业病防治面临着困境，探索出更具成效的新防治思路与对策，有利于缓解其影响，维护社会的稳定。同时也为全国的职业病防治管理提供参考价值。本文以广东省作为研究对象，对职业病防治管理的新思路与对策进行了探索。首先对职业病的定义，特点与法定职业病的目录等基础概念进行了解释与必要的评述，指出国内的职业病防治管理起步时间较晚，水平还比较低。然后结合数据分析了广东省职业病的发病情况及其特点，列出了目前广东省职业病防治管理的现状与当前采用的预防、治理策略，得出现行策略下，效果并不理想的结果。接着为了探讨出更具实效性的思路与对策，就广东省职业病防治所面临的困境及其成因展开了分析，从责任、能力、与意识三方面高度总结出形成困境的主要原因。最后针对成因，结合国外的最佳实践，在知名企业的成功经验基础上，提出了职业病在防治管理问题上新的思路与对策。在职业病的防治管理新思路与对策上，作者主要从两方面展开：政府层面和企业层面。政府层面，强调首先应从调整与改变政府对企业的态度开始，开展一系列的工作，比如：投入资金到职业卫生师建设中去，改善监管条件，简化职业病诊断与鉴定的程度，设立企业专项机构，加大职业病病人的保障等等。其中职业卫生师建设是重点，它能帮助企业从源头上消除职业危害因素；企业层面，强调在职业卫生管理上由“要我管理”转变成“我要管理”，在企业内营造职业健康安全文化，通过文化影响行为，形成习惯。新的思路从较新的角度进行了思考，提出的具体对策具有可操作性，实施得当的话，可以较好地解决广东省在职业病防治上的困境并推进改国内的职业病防治发展进程。
[Abstract]:In the early stage of economic construction in China, the occupational hazards in the working environment have been neglected. In the past 30 years, occupational diseases have emerged in large numbers, which have had a serious impact on the family, economy and society. The incidence of occupational diseases is quite high in Guangdong Province, which is an advanced province in China. Guangdong Province has done some work in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, but the results are not satisfactory. The number of occupational diseases is high and the new occupational diseases occur frequently every year. The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province is facing difficulties. It is helpful to alleviate its influence and maintain social stability by exploring more effective new ideas and countermeasures for occupational diseases prevention and treatment. At the same time, it also provides reference value for the management of occupational disease prevention and control throughout the country. In this paper, Guangdong Province is taken as the research object to explore the new ideas and countermeasures of occupational disease prevention and management. Firstly, the basic concepts of occupational disease, such as definition, characteristics and catalogue of statutory occupational diseases, are explained and reviewed. It is pointed out that the management of occupational disease prevention and control in China started late and the level is still low. Then it analyzes the incidence and characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province, lists the present situation of occupational disease prevention and management in Guangdong Province and the current prevention and control strategies, and draws the results that the effect is not satisfactory under the current strategy. Then, in order to find out more effective ideas and countermeasures, this paper analyzes the plight and its causes of occupational disease prevention and treatment in Guangdong Province, and sums up the main reasons of the dilemma from three aspects of responsibility, ability, and consciousness. Finally, based on the successful experience of well-known enterprises and combining the best practice of foreign countries, the author puts forward some new ideas and countermeasures on the prevention and control of occupational diseases. In the new ideas and countermeasures of occupational disease prevention and management, the author mainly starts from two aspects: government level and enterprise level. At the government level, it is stressed that we should start with adjusting and changing the attitude of the government towards enterprises, and carry out a series of work, such as: investing in the construction of occupational health professionals, improving the regulatory conditions, and simplifying the degree of diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases. Set up enterprise special organization, increase occupational disease patient's safeguard and so on. Among them, occupational health teacher construction is the key point, it can help enterprises eliminate occupational hazard factors from the source; at the enterprise level, the emphasis on occupational health management has changed from "want me to manage" to "I want to manage". Create occupational health and safety culture in the enterprise, through culture influence behavior, form habit. The new thinking is thought from a new angle, the concrete countermeasure put forward is operable, if carried out properly, it can solve the dilemma of occupational disease prevention and cure in Guangdong province and promote the development process of occupational disease prevention and cure in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R13

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