武汉市经济技术开发区138家汽车制造业职业卫生现状调查

发布时间：2018-07-14 18:15

【摘要】：目的掌握武汉经济技术开发区汽车制造职业病危害的分布特征和职业卫生管理现状,寻求职业卫生监管对策。方法依据《职业病防治法》确定调查内容:包括原辅料、生产工艺、职业病危害分布等,对武汉经济技术开发区所有汽车制造企业进行上门普查。分别采用epidata3.1和SPSS12.0进行数据录入和统计分析。结果武汉经济技术开发区共有138家汽车制造企业,84.7%为中小企业。存在电焊烟尘、苯及苯系化合物和噪声的企业分别占34.1%、31.9%和90.6%,是最主要的粉尘、化学和物理因素。90%以上接害工人集中在大中型企业,男性超过95%,但中小型企业中女性比重相对较大。约80%的大中型企业每年定期进行职业病危害检测和职业健康体检。但70%以上小微企业未定期进行职业病危害检测和职业健康监护。结论电焊烟尘、苯及苯系化合物和噪声是汽车制造业分布最广泛的职业病危害,应着重加强小微企业职业卫生管理,督促其定期进行职业病危害检测和职业健康体检。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the distribution characteristics of occupational disease hazards and occupational health management in Wuhan Economic and technological Development Zone, and to find out the countermeasures of occupational health supervision. Methods according to the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the contents of investigation were determined: including raw and auxiliary materials, production technology, distribution of occupational disease hazards, etc. All automobile manufacturing enterprises in Wuhan Economic and technological Development Zone were surveyed on their doorstep. Epidata3.1 and SPSS 12.0 were used for data entry and statistical analysis. Results A total of 138 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Wuhan Economic and technological Development Zone were small and medium-sized enterprises (84.7%). The presence of welding smoke dust, benzene and benzene compounds and noise enterprises accounted for 34.9% and 90.6% respectively, is the most important dust, chemical and physical factors, more than 90% of the workers concentrated in large and medium-sized enterprises, More than 95 men, but small and medium-sized enterprises are relatively large proportion of women. About 80% of large and medium-sized enterprises regularly carry out occupational hazard testing and occupational health examination every year. But more than 70% of the small and micro enterprises do not carry out occupational disease hazard detection and occupational health monitoring regularly. Conclusion Welding smoke benzene and benzene compounds and noise are the most widely distributed occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing industry. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health management in small and micro enterprises and urge them to carry out occupational disease hazard detection and occupational health examination regularly.
【作者单位】：武汉市职业病防治院;
【基金】：武汉市临床医学科研项目(WG15B06)
【分类号】：R134

【相似文献】